Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

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need, be necessary

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܢܨܪܝܐ	nṣryʾ ntsry'	[impf]need, be necessary	Matthew 26:69 Matthew 26:71 Mark 1:24 Mark 10:47 Mark 14:67 Mark 16:6 Luke 4:34 Luke 18:37 John 18:5 John 18:7 John 19:19 Acts 2:22 Acts 3:6 Acts 4:10 Acts 6:14 Acts 9:5 Acts 22:8 Acts 26:9 Acts 26:15
ܠܡܨܪܝܢ	lmṣryn lmtsryn	so.that-need, be necessary-them	Matthew 2:13 Matthew 2:14 Acts 7:9 Acts 7:15 Acts 7:34 Acts 7:39 Hebrews 11:27
ܕܡܨܪܝܢ	dmṣryn dmtsryn	that.from-need, be necessary-them	Acts 7:10 Acts 7:36 Acts 7:40 Acts 13:17 Hebrews 8:9 Hebrews 11:26
ܠܡܨܪܝܐ	lmṣryʾ lmtsry'	so.that-need, be necessary	Acts 7:24 Acts 7:28
ܨܘܪܝܗܘܢ	ṣwryhwn tswryhwn	need, be necessary	Acts 15:10 Romans 16:4
ܡܨܪܝܐ	mṣryʾ mtsry'	[ptcp]need, be necessary	Acts 21:38 Hebrews 11:29
ܕܢܨܪܝܐ	dnṣryʾ dntsry'	of-[impf]need, be necessary	Matthew 2:23 Acts 24:5
ܨܘܪܝܐ	ṣwryʾ tswry'	need, be necessary	Acts 12:20
ܕܨܪܝܟ	dṣryk dtsryk	of-need, be necessary-your	Acts 4:34
ܕܡܨܪܝܐ	dmṣryʾ dmtsry'	that.from-need, be necessary	Acts 7:22
ܨܪܝ	ṣry tsry	need, be necessary Peal	Matthew 26:65

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
צֹרֶךְ	tsorekh	need, necessity
צָרִיךְ	tsarikh	necessary, must
צָרַר	tza-rar	to press, constrict
צָרָה	tza-rah	distress, trouble
צַר	tzar	narrow, tight

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
ضَرُورَة	ḍarūra	necessity
ضَرُورِيّ	ḍarūriyy	necessary
ضَرِيرٌ	ḍarīr	blind
اِضْطِرَارٌ	iḍṭirār	necessity, obligation
تَضَرُّرٌ	taḍarrur	damage, harm