Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

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Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

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defile, pollute

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܛܢܦܬܐ	ṭnptʾ Tnpth'	defile, pollute[fem]	Matthew 10:1 Matthew 12:43 Matthew 24:15 Mark 1:26 Mark 1:27 Mark 3:11 Mark 3:30 Mark 5:2 Mark 5:13 Mark 6:7 Mark 7:25 Mark 9:25 Mark 13:14 Luke 4:36 Luke 6:18 Luke 9:42 Luke 11:24 Acts 5:16 Acts 8:7 Acts 19:13
ܛܢܦܐ	ṭnpʾ Tnp'	defile, pollute	Mark 5:8 Luke 4:33 Luke 8:29 Romans 13:13 Ephesians 5:5 Colossians 3:8 1 Timothy 3:8 Titus 1:7 Titus 1:11 1 Peter 5:2
ܛܢܦܘܬܐ	ṭnpwtʾ Tnpwth'	defile, pollute[abst]	Matthew 23:27 2 Corinthians 12:21 Galatians 5:19 Ephesians 4:19 Ephesians 5:3 1 Thessalonians 2:3 James 1:21
ܠܛܢܦܘܬܐ	lṭnpwtʾ lTnpwth'	to-defile, pollute[abst]	1 Thessalonians 4:7
ܕܛܢܦܘܬܐ	dṭnpwtʾ dTnpwth'	of-defile, pollute[abst]	Romans 6:19
ܘܛܢܦܘܬܐ	wṭnpwtʾ wTnpwth'	and-defile, pollute[abst]	Colossians 3:5

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
טָנַף	tanaf	to defile, to soil
מְטֻנָּף	m'tunaf	dirty, contaminated

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
نَجَّسَ	najjasa	to defile, to pollute
نَجَاسَة	najāsah	impurity, dirtiness
نَجِس	najis	impure, contaminated
تَنَجُّس	tanadjdjus	contamination, pollution