ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT

Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.

Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.

3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
auto_stories Method

Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Enter a root (dashes are added automatically). Show transliteration table

ܛܢܦ T-N-P
defile, pollute
Peshitta Occurrences
Form Transliteration Gloss References
ܛܢܦܬܐ
ṭnptʾ
Tnpth'
defile, pollute[fem] Matthew 10:1 Matthew 12:43 Matthew 24:15 Mark 1:26 Mark 1:27 Mark 3:11 Mark 3:30 Mark 5:2 Mark 5:13 Mark 6:7 Mark 7:25 Mark 9:25 Mark 13:14 Luke 4:36 Luke 6:18 Luke 9:42 Luke 11:24 Acts 5:16 Acts 8:7 Acts 19:13 ... +1
ܛܢܦܘܬܐ
ṭnpwtʾ
Tnpwth'
defile, pollute[abst] Matthew 23:27 2 Corinthians 12:21 Galatians 5:19 Ephesians 4:19 Ephesians 5:3 1 Thessalonians 2:3 James 1:21 Isaiah 35:8 Ezekiel 6:11 Ezekiel 8:17 Ezekiel 16:43 Ezekiel 18:12 Ezekiel 20:4 Ezekiel 33:26 Ezekiel 33:29
ܛܢܦܐ
ṭnpʾ
Tnp'
defile, pollute Mark 5:8 Luke 4:33 Luke 8:29 Romans 13:13 Ephesians 5:5 Colossians 3:8 1 Timothy 3:8 Titus 1:7 Titus 1:11 1 Peter 5:2 Ezekiel 4:14 Ezekiel 21:30
ܛܢ̈ܦܘܬܐ
ṭnpwtʾ
Tnpwth'
defile, pollute[abst] Ezekiel 8:6 Ezekiel 8:6 Ezekiel 8:9 Ezekiel 8:13 Ezekiel 8:15 Ezekiel 9:4
ܘܛܢܦܘܬܐ
wṭnpwtʾ
wTnpwth'
and-defile, pollute[abst] Colossians 3:5 Isaiah 41:24 Ezekiel 18:24 Ezekiel 22:10
ܘܐܬܛܢܦܘ
wʾtṭnpw
w'thTnpw
and-[pass]defile, pollute[3pl] Ethpeel Psalms 14:1 Psalms 53:2 Psalms 53:4
ܘܐܬܛܢܦܬ
wʾtṭnpt
w'thTnpth
and-[pass]defile, pollute[perf] Ethpeel Psalms 106:38 Ezekiel 22:3 Ezekiel 23:17
ܛܢܦܘ
ṭnpw
Tnpw
defile, pollute[3pl] Peal Ezekiel 22:11 Ezekiel 22:11
ܛܢܦ
ṭnp
Tnp
defile, pollute Peal Ezekiel 18:6 Ezekiel 23:38
ܕܐܬܛܢܦܬ
dʾtṭnpt
d'thTnpth
of-[pass]defile, pollute[perf] Ethpeel Ezekiel 23:13
ܛܢܦܬ
ṭnpt
Tnpth
defile, pollute[perf] Peal Ezekiel 28:18
ܡܛܢܦܐ
mṭnpʾ
mTnp'
[ptcp]defile, pollute Ezekiel 4:14
ܘܕܛܢ̈ܦܘܬܐ
wdṭnpwtʾ
wdTnpwth'
and.of-defile, pollute[abst] Ezekiel 8:10
ܘܢܛܢܦ
wnṭnp
wnTnp
and-[impf]defile, pollute Ezekiel 18:11
ܠܛܢܦܘܬܐ
lṭnpwtʾ
lTnpwth'
to-defile, pollute[abst] 1 Thessalonians 4:7
ܢܛܢܦ
nṭnp
nTnp
[impf]defile, pollute Ezekiel 18:15
ܘܛܢܦܘ
wṭnpw
wTnpw
and-defile, pollute[3pl] Peal Ezekiel 43:8
ܕܛܢܦܘܬܐ
dṭnpwtʾ
dTnpwth'
of-defile, pollute[abst] Romans 6:19
ܡܛܢܦܝܢ
mṭnpyn
mTnpyn
[ptcp]defile, pollute[pl] Ezekiel 33:26
ܡ̈ܛܢܦܢ
mṭnpn
mTnpn
[ptcp]defile, pollute-them Isaiah 59:3
ܘܡܬܛܢܦܝܢ
wmtṭnpyn
wmthTnpyn
and.from-[impf]defile, pollute[pl] Ezekiel 20:31
ܘܡܛܢܦܝܢ
wmṭnpyn
wmTnpyn
and.from-defile, pollute[pl] Ezekiel 44:7
ܕܐܬܛܢܦܬܘܢ
dʾtṭnptwn
d'thTnpthwn
of-[pass]defile, pollute-you(pl) Ethpeel Ezekiel 20:43
ܘܛܢ̇ܦܬ
wṭnpt
wTnpth
and-defile, pollute[perf] Peal Ezekiel 20:26
ܒܛܢܦܘܬܐ
bṭnpwtʾ
bTnpwth'
in-defile, pollute[abst] Ezekiel 4:13
ܐܬܛܢܦܘ
ʾtṭnpw
'thTnpw
[pass]defile, pollute[3pl] Ethpeel Psalms 106:39
Hebrew Cognates
Word Transliteration Meaning
טָנַף tanaf to defile, to soil
מְטֻנָּף m'tunaf dirty, contaminated
Arabic Cognates
Word Transliteration Meaning
نَجَّسَ najjasa to defile, to pollute
نَجَاسَة najāsah impurity, dirtiness
نَجِس najis impure, contaminated
تَنَجُّس tanadjdjus contamination, pollution