ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܛܢܦܬܐ | ṭnptʾ Tnpth' |
defile, pollute[fem] | Matthew 10:1 Matthew 12:43 Matthew 24:15 Mark 1:26 Mark 1:27 Mark 3:11 Mark 3:30 Mark 5:2 Mark 5:13 Mark 6:7 Mark 7:25 Mark 9:25 Mark 13:14 Luke 4:36 Luke 6:18 Luke 9:42 Luke 11:24 Acts 5:16 Acts 8:7 Acts 19:13 ... +1 |
| ܛܢܦܘܬܐ | ṭnpwtʾ Tnpwth' |
defile, pollute[abst] | Matthew 23:27 2 Corinthians 12:21 Galatians 5:19 Ephesians 4:19 Ephesians 5:3 1 Thessalonians 2:3 James 1:21 Isaiah 35:8 Ezekiel 6:11 Ezekiel 8:17 Ezekiel 16:43 Ezekiel 18:12 Ezekiel 20:4 Ezekiel 33:26 Ezekiel 33:29 |
| ܛܢܦܐ | ṭnpʾ Tnp' |
defile, pollute | Mark 5:8 Luke 4:33 Luke 8:29 Romans 13:13 Ephesians 5:5 Colossians 3:8 1 Timothy 3:8 Titus 1:7 Titus 1:11 1 Peter 5:2 Ezekiel 4:14 Ezekiel 21:30 |
| ܛܢ̈ܦܘܬܐ | ṭnpwtʾ Tnpwth' |
defile, pollute[abst] | Ezekiel 8:6 Ezekiel 8:6 Ezekiel 8:9 Ezekiel 8:13 Ezekiel 8:15 Ezekiel 9:4 |
| ܘܛܢܦܘܬܐ | wṭnpwtʾ wTnpwth' |
and-defile, pollute[abst] | Colossians 3:5 Isaiah 41:24 Ezekiel 18:24 Ezekiel 22:10 |
| ܘܐܬܛܢܦܘ | wʾtṭnpw w'thTnpw |
and-[pass]defile, pollute[3pl] Ethpeel | Psalms 14:1 Psalms 53:2 Psalms 53:4 |
| ܘܐܬܛܢܦܬ | wʾtṭnpt w'thTnpth |
and-[pass]defile, pollute[perf] Ethpeel | Psalms 106:38 Ezekiel 22:3 Ezekiel 23:17 |
| ܛܢܦܘ | ṭnpw Tnpw |
defile, pollute[3pl] Peal | Ezekiel 22:11 Ezekiel 22:11 |
| ܛܢܦ | ṭnp Tnp |
defile, pollute Peal | Ezekiel 18:6 Ezekiel 23:38 |
| ܕܐܬܛܢܦܬ | dʾtṭnpt d'thTnpth |
of-[pass]defile, pollute[perf] Ethpeel | Ezekiel 23:13 |
| ܛܢܦܬ | ṭnpt Tnpth |
defile, pollute[perf] Peal | Ezekiel 28:18 |
| ܡܛܢܦܐ | mṭnpʾ mTnp' |
[ptcp]defile, pollute | Ezekiel 4:14 |
| ܘܕܛܢ̈ܦܘܬܐ | wdṭnpwtʾ wdTnpwth' |
and.of-defile, pollute[abst] | Ezekiel 8:10 |
| ܘܢܛܢܦ | wnṭnp wnTnp |
and-[impf]defile, pollute | Ezekiel 18:11 |
| ܠܛܢܦܘܬܐ | lṭnpwtʾ lTnpwth' |
to-defile, pollute[abst] | 1 Thessalonians 4:7 |
| ܢܛܢܦ | nṭnp nTnp |
[impf]defile, pollute | Ezekiel 18:15 |
| ܘܛܢܦܘ | wṭnpw wTnpw |
and-defile, pollute[3pl] Peal | Ezekiel 43:8 |
| ܕܛܢܦܘܬܐ | dṭnpwtʾ dTnpwth' |
of-defile, pollute[abst] | Romans 6:19 |
| ܡܛܢܦܝܢ | mṭnpyn mTnpyn |
[ptcp]defile, pollute[pl] | Ezekiel 33:26 |
| ܡ̈ܛܢܦܢ | mṭnpn mTnpn |
[ptcp]defile, pollute-them | Isaiah 59:3 |
| ܘܡܬܛܢܦܝܢ | wmtṭnpyn wmthTnpyn |
and.from-[impf]defile, pollute[pl] | Ezekiel 20:31 |
| ܘܡܛܢܦܝܢ | wmṭnpyn wmTnpyn |
and.from-defile, pollute[pl] | Ezekiel 44:7 |
| ܕܐܬܛܢܦܬܘܢ | dʾtṭnptwn d'thTnpthwn |
of-[pass]defile, pollute-you(pl) Ethpeel | Ezekiel 20:43 |
| ܘܛܢ̇ܦܬ | wṭnpt wTnpth |
and-defile, pollute[perf] Peal | Ezekiel 20:26 |
| ܒܛܢܦܘܬܐ | bṭnpwtʾ bTnpwth' |
in-defile, pollute[abst] | Ezekiel 4:13 |
| ܐܬܛܢܦܘ | ʾtṭnpw 'thTnpw |
[pass]defile, pollute[3pl] Ethpeel | Psalms 106:39 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| טָנַף | tanaf | to defile, to soil |
| מְטֻנָּף | m'tunaf | dirty, contaminated |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| نَجَّسَ | najjasa | to defile, to pollute |
| نَجَاسَة | najāsah | impurity, dirtiness |
| نَجِس | najis | impure, contaminated |
| تَنَجُّس | tanadjdjus | contamination, pollution |