ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܫܡܫܐ | šmšʾ shmsh' |
serve, sun | Matthew 13:6 Matthew 13:43 Matthew 17:2 Matthew 24:29 Mark 1:32 Mark 4:6 Mark 13:24 Mark 16:2 Luke 4:40 Acts 2:20 Acts 13:11 Acts 27:20 James 1:11 Psalms 19:5 Psalms 72:5 Psalms 72:17 Psalms 89:37 Psalms 104:22 Psalms 121:6 Psalms 136:8 ... +10 |
| ܕܬܫܡܫܬܐ | dtšmštʾ dthshmshth' |
of-[impf]serve, sun[fem] | Acts 1:25 Romans 12:7 1 Corinthians 12:5 2 Corinthians 8:4 2 Corinthians 9:12 2 Corinthians 9:13 Ephesians 4:12 Hebrews 1:14 Hebrews 9:1 Hebrews 9:21 |
| ܬܫܡܫܬܐ | tšmštʾ thshmshth' |
[impf]serve, sun[fem] | Luke 1:5 2 Corinthians 3:7 2 Corinthians 3:8 2 Corinthians 3:9 2 Corinthians 5:18 2 Corinthians 9:1 Hebrews 8:6 James 1:27 |
| ܡܫܡܫ | mšmš mshmsh |
serving | John 12:26 John 12:26 Acts 13:5 Acts 24:23 Romans 1:9 Romans 14:18 2 Timothy 1:3 Philemon 1:13 |
| ܒܬܫܡܫܬܐ | btšmštʾ bthshmshth' |
in-[impf]serve, sun[fem] | Luke 10:40 Acts 1:17 Acts 6:1 Romans 12:1 2 Corinthians 4:1 Philippians 2:30 Colossians 4:17 Hebrews 1:14 |
| ܕܡܫܡܫܝܢ | dmšmšyn dmshmshyn |
that.from-serve, sun[pl] | Acts 19:22 Hebrews 8:5 Proverbs 19:6 Ezekiel 42:14 Ezekiel 44:17 Ezekiel 44:19 Ezekiel 45:4 Ezekiel 45:5 |
| ܘܫܡܫܐ | wšmšʾ wshmsh' |
and-serve, sun | Luke 23:45 Ephesians 4:26 Psalms 58:9 Psalms 74:16 Psalms 104:19 Isaiah 49:10 Ezekiel 32:7 |
| ܕܫܡܫܐ | dšmšʾ dshmsh' |
of-serve, sun | Acts 26:13 1 Corinthians 15:41 Psalms 50:1 Psalms 113:3 Isaiah 30:26 Isaiah 30:26 |
| ܠܬܫܡܫܬܐ | ltšmštʾ lthshmshth' |
to-[impf]serve, sun[fem] | Acts 11:29 1 Corinthians 16:15 2 Corinthians 3:9 2 Corinthians 11:8 2 Timothy 4:11 |
| ܕܡܫܡܫ | dmšmš dmshmsh |
that.from-serve, sun | Luke 22:27 Luke 22:27 James 1:26 1 Peter 4:11 Proverbs 12:9 |
| ܬܫܡܫܬܗ | tšmšth thshmshthh |
[impf]serve, sun-his | Luke 12:42 Acts 13:25 James 1:26 Psalms 26:8 Ezekiel 40:46 |
| ܢܫܡܫ | nšmš nshmsh |
[impf]serve, sun | Luke 12:37 Romans 6:6 Hebrews 12:28 1 Peter 4:10 |
| ܘܬܫܡܫܬܐ | wtšmštʾ wthshmshth' |
and-[impf]serve, sun[fem] | Acts 20:24 Romans 9:4 Romans 15:31 Philippians 2:17 |
| ܕܢܫܡܫ | dnšmš dnshmsh |
of-[impf]serve, sun | Matthew 20:28 Mark 10:45 Romans 7:6 Hebrews 9:14 |
| ܫܡܫ | šmš shmsh |
he served | Acts 13:36 Acts 20:34 Romans 15:8 Hebrews 7:13 |
| ܘܡܫܡܫܐ | wmšmšʾ wmshmsh' |
and.from-serve, sun | Matthew 8:15 Mark 1:31 Luke 4:39 |
| ܠܡܫܡܫܘ | lmšmšw lmshmshw |
so.that-serve, sun[3pl] Peal | Luke 10:40 Ezekiel 40:46 Ezekiel 44:27 |
| ܘܡܫܡܫܝܢ | wmšmšyn wmshmshyn |
and.from-serve, sun[pl] | Matthew 4:11 Mark 1:13 Ezekiel 44:11 |
| ܘܢܫܡܫ | wnšmš wnshmsh |
and-[impf]serve, sun | Acts 6:2 Ezekiel 20:32 |
| ܒܬܫܡܫܬܗ | btšmšth bthshmshthh |
in-[impf]serve, sun-his | Acts 21:19 Romans 12:7 |
| ܕܫܡܫܘ | dšmšw dshmshw |
of-serve, sun[3pl] Peal | 1 Timothy 3:13 Ezekiel 44:12 |
| ܕܬܫܡܫܬܗ | dtšmšth dthshmshthh |
of-[impf]serve, sun-his | Luke 1:8 Luke 1:23 |
| ܠܡܫܡܫܘܬܗ | lmšmšwth lmshmshwthh |
so.that-serve, sun[abst]-his | Isaiah 56:6 Ezekiel 45:4 |
| ܡܫܡܫܢܝ | mšmšny mshmshny |
[ptcp]serve, sun-me | John 12:26 John 18:36 |
| ܘܡܫܡܫܢ | wmšmšn wmshmshn |
and.from-serve, sun-them | Matthew 27:55 Mark 15:41 |
| ܘܫܡܫܘ | wšmšw wshmshw |
and-serve, sun[3pl] Peal | Romans 1:25 Ephesians 6:7 |
| ܡܫܡܫܝܢ | mšmšyn mshmshyn |
[ptcp]serve, sun[pl] | Romans 16:18 Hebrews 13:10 |
| ܘܬܫܡܫܬܗ | wtšmšth wthshmshthh |
and-[impf]serve, sun-his | Acts 1:20 |
| ܕܐܫܡܫ | dʾšmš d'shmsh |
of-[impf]serve, sun Aphel | Romans 15:25 |
| ܒܫܡܫܐ | bšmšʾ bshmsh' |
in-serve, sun | Luke 21:25 |
| ܘܒܬܫܡܫܬܐ | wbtšmštʾ wbthshmshth' |
and.in-[impf]serve, sun[fem] | Acts 6:4 |
| ܠܬܫܡܫܬܗ | ltšmšth lthshmshthh |
to-[impf]serve, sun-his | 1 Timothy 1:12 |
| ܕܫܡܫܬܘܢ | dšmštwn dshmshthwn |
of-serve, sun-you(pl) Peal | Hebrews 6:10 |
| ܫܡܫܗ | šmšh shmshh |
serve, sun-his | Matthew 5:45 |
| ܕܫܡܫܢܝ | dšmšny dshmshny |
of-serve, sun-me Peal | 2 Timothy 1:18 |
| ܕܡܫܡܫܢ | dmšmšn dmshmshn |
that.from-serve, sun-them | Luke 8:3 |
| ܘܡܫܡܫ | wmšmš wmshmsh |
and.from-serve, sun | Hebrews 10:11 |
| ܡܫܡܫܐ | mšmšʾ mshmsh' |
[ptcp]serve, sun | John 12:2 |
| ܠܫܡܫܐ | lšmšʾ lshmsh' |
to-serve, sun | Ezekiel 8:16 |
| ܢܫܡܫܢܝ | nšmšny nshmshny |
[impf]serve, sun-me | Psalms 101:6 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| שֶׁמֶשׁ | shemesh | sun |
| שִׁמֵּשׁ | shimesh | to serve |
| שַׁמָּשׁ | shamash | servant/helper candle |
| שָׁמֵשׁ | shamesh | to serve |
| שָׁמוּשׁ | shamush | service, worship |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| شَمْس | shams | sun |
| شَمَسَ | shamasa | to serve |
| شَمَّاس | shammās | acolyte, deacon |
| مُشَمِّسٌ | mushammisun | sunny, sunlit |