ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܫܡܥ | šmʿ shme |
he heard | Matthew 2:3 Matthew 2:22 Matthew 4:12 Matthew 8:10 Matthew 9:12 Matthew 10:14 Matthew 11:2 Matthew 14:1 Matthew 14:13 Matthew 19:22 Matthew 21:16 Matthew 22:7 Matthew 27:13 Mark 2:17 Mark 5:36 Mark 6:16 Mark 6:20 Mark 6:20 Mark 12:29 Mark 12:37 ... +80 |
| ܫܡܥܘ | šmʿw shmew |
they heard | Matthew 2:9 Matthew 12:24 Matthew 13:15 Matthew 13:17 Matthew 13:18 Matthew 14:13 Matthew 15:10 Matthew 17:5 Matthew 17:6 Matthew 19:25 Matthew 20:24 Matthew 20:30 Matthew 21:33 Matthew 21:45 Matthew 22:22 Matthew 22:33 Matthew 22:34 Matthew 27:47 Mark 2:1 Mark 4:3 ... +70 |
| ܘܫܡܥ | wšmʿ wshme |
and he heard | Mark 6:14 Mark 10:47 Mark 12:28 Luke 2:46 Luke 6:47 Luke 7:3 Luke 18:36 John 3:32 John 9:35 Acts 9:4 Acts 20:9 Acts 23:16 2 Corinthians 12:4 Psalms 4:2 Psalms 17:6 Psalms 18:7 Psalms 40:2 Psalms 66:8 Psalms 78:59 Psalms 86:6 ... +11 |
| ܫܡܥܝܢ | šmʿyn shmeyn |
hear, listen[pl] | Matthew 10:27 Matthew 11:5 Matthew 13:13 Mark 4:12 Mark 4:24 Mark 8:18 Luke 7:22 Luke 8:10 Luke 8:15 Luke 10:24 Luke 16:31 Luke 19:11 John 8:43 John 8:47 John 10:20 John 10:27 Acts 2:8 Acts 2:11 Acts 8:6 Acts 9:7 ... +9 |
| ܢܫܡܥ | nšmʿ nshme |
he will hear/let him hear | Matthew 11:15 Matthew 12:19 Matthew 13:9 Matthew 13:43 Matthew 18:17 Matthew 18:17 Mark 4:9 Mark 4:23 Mark 7:16 Luke 8:8 Luke 14:35 John 7:51 Acts 4:19 Psalms 4:4 Psalms 55:20 Proverbs 1:5 Proverbs 18:13 Proverbs 21:13 Proverbs 28:9 Isaiah 33:15 ... +6 |
| ܕܫܡܥ | dšmʿ dshme |
who heard | Matthew 7:24 Matthew 7:26 Matthew 13:19 Matthew 13:20 Matthew 13:22 Matthew 13:23 Luke 6:49 Luke 16:2 Luke 23:8 John 5:24 John 5:30 John 6:45 John 12:47 Acts 2:6 Galatians 6:6 Philemon 1:21 1 John 5:15 Psalms 6:9 Psalms 28:6 Psalms 69:34 ... +6 |
| ܕܫܡܥܘ | dšmʿw dshmew |
of-hear, listen[3pl] Peal | Matthew 15:12 Mark 3:8 Mark 4:15 Mark 4:16 Mark 4:18 Mark 6:2 Mark 15:35 Luke 1:66 Luke 2:18 Luke 7:29 Luke 8:13 Luke 11:28 Luke 18:26 John 1:40 John 4:1 John 6:60 John 7:40 John 12:18 John 18:21 Acts 4:4 ... +6 |
| ܫܡܥܬܘܢ | šmʿtwn shmethwn |
hear, listen-you(pl) Peal | Matthew 5:21 Matthew 5:27 Matthew 5:33 Matthew 5:38 Matthew 5:43 Matthew 26:65 Mark 14:64 Luke 8:18 John 5:37 John 9:27 John 14:28 Galatians 1:13 Ephesians 1:13 Ephesians 3:2 Colossians 1:5 James 5:11 Proverbs 1:24 Isaiah 40:21 Isaiah 65:12 |
| ܫܡܥܬ | šmʿt shmeth |
hear, listen[perf] Peal | Mark 5:27 Mark 7:25 Luke 1:41 John 10:8 John 11:20 John 11:29 Acts 7:34 Acts 9:13 1 Corinthians 2:9 2 Corinthians 7:7 Psalms 61:6 Psalms 62:12 Psalms 76:9 Proverbs 5:13 Isaiah 37:11 Isaiah 37:26 Isaiah 40:28 Isaiah 48:7 Isaiah 48:8 |
| ܕܫܡܥܝܢ | dšmʿyn dshmeyn |
of-hear, listen[pl] | Matthew 11:4 Matthew 13:17 Mark 4:20 Mark 4:24 Mark 6:55 Luke 2:47 Luke 8:12 Luke 8:14 Luke 8:21 Luke 21:9 John 5:25 John 14:24 Acts 9:21 Acts 10:44 Acts 26:29 Ephesians 4:29 1 Timothy 4:16 2 Timothy 2:14 |
| ܠܡܫܡܥ | lmšmʿ lmshme |
to hear | Matthew 24:6 Mark 4:33 Luke 5:1 Luke 5:15 Luke 21:38 John 9:27 Acts 13:44 Romans 6:16 James 1:19 1 Peter 3:12 Psalms 34:16 Psalms 102:21 Isaiah 28:12 Isaiah 30:9 Isaiah 34:1 Isaiah 50:4 Isaiah 59:1 |
| ܘܫܡܥܘ | wšmʿw wshmew |
and they heard | Mark 3:21 Mark 6:29 Mark 11:14 Mark 11:18 Luke 1:58 Luke 2:20 John 1:37 John 7:32 John 9:40 John 12:9 Acts 9:38 Acts 24:24 Isaiah 28:23 Isaiah 28:23 Isaiah 48:14 Isaiah 48:16 Ezekiel 19:4 |
| ܕܢܫܡܥ | dnšmʿ dnshme |
that he hear | Matthew 11:15 Matthew 13:9 Matthew 13:43 Mark 4:9 Mark 4:23 Mark 7:16 Luke 8:8 Luke 14:35 John 16:13 Acts 10:33 Acts 13:7 Acts 28:22 Psalms 85:9 Psalms 116:1 Isaiah 42:23 |
| ܕܫܡܥܬܘܢ | dšmʿtwn dshmethwn |
of-hear, listen-you(pl) Peal | Mark 13:7 Acts 1:4 Philippians 2:26 Colossians 1:6 Colossians 1:23 1 John 2:7 1 John 2:18 1 John 2:24 1 John 2:24 1 John 3:11 1 John 4:3 |
| ܕܫܡܥܬ | dšmʿt dshmeth |
of-hear, listen[perf] Peal | John 8:26 John 8:40 John 15:15 Ephesians 1:15 2 Timothy 1:13 2 Timothy 2:2 Philemon 1:5 Psalms 31:14 Isaiah 37:6 |
| ܕܫܡܥܢ | dšmʿn dshmen |
of-hear, listen-them | Matthew 13:16 Luke 4:23 Colossians 1:4 Colossians 1:9 Hebrews 2:1 1 John 1:1 1 John 1:5 Psalms 48:9 Psalms 78:3 |
| ܫܡܥܐ | šmʿʾ shme' |
hear, listen | John 10:3 Galatians 3:2 Galatians 3:5 Psalms 150:5 Isaiah 21:7 Isaiah 23:5 Isaiah 28:9 |
| ܫܡܥܢ | šmʿn shmen |
hear, listen-them | Luke 22:71 John 4:42 John 12:34 Acts 21:12 Isaiah 16:6 Isaiah 24:16 Isaiah 42:24 |
| ܫܡ̇ܥܝܢ | šmʿyn shmeyn |
hear, listen[pl] | Isaiah 42:20 Isaiah 44:9 Ezekiel 3:6 Ezekiel 3:7 Ezekiel 12:2 Ezekiel 20:39 |
| ܕܫܡܥܐ | dšmʿʾ dshme' |
of-hear, listen | Matthew 13:14 Acts 28:26 James 1:25 Proverbs 15:31 Proverbs 20:12 Proverbs 25:12 |
| ܐܫܡܥ | ʾšmʿ 'shme |
[impf]hear, listen Aphel | Philippians 1:27 Isaiah 45:21 Isaiah 62:11 Isaiah 65:24 Ezekiel 8:18 Ezekiel 36:15 |
| ܘܫܡܥܬ | wšmʿt wshmeth |
and-hear, listen[perf] Peal | Acts 11:7 Acts 22:7 Acts 22:15 Acts 26:14 Psalms 31:23 Psalms 130:2 |
| ܘܢܫܡܥ | wnšmʿ wnshme |
and-[impf]hear, listen | Acts 10:22 Psalms 106:2 Isaiah 6:10 Isaiah 30:30 Isaiah 37:7 Isaiah 42:23 |
| ܫܡܥܝ | šmʿy shmey |
hear, listen-my | Luke 3:26 Psalms 45:11 Isaiah 47:8 Isaiah 51:21 Ezekiel 16:35 |
| ܘܫܡܥܝܢ | wšmʿyn wshmeyn |
and-hear, listen[pl] | Matthew 13:13 Acts 2:33 Acts 15:12 Acts 16:25 Acts 17:11 |
| ܬܫܡܥ | tšmʿ thshme |
[impf]hear, listen | Acts 3:23 Psalms 5:4 Psalms 58:6 Psalms 97:8 Isaiah 34:1 |
| ܫܡܘܥܐ | šmwʿʾ shmwe' |
hear, listen | James 1:22 James 1:25 Proverbs 21:28 Isaiah 28:19 |
| ܕܬܫܡܥ | dtšmʿ dthshme |
of-[impf]hear, listen | Matthew 12:42 Luke 11:31 Acts 24:4 Ezekiel 33:7 |
| ܡܫܬܡܥ | mštmʿ mshthme |
hear, listen | Acts 6:7 2 Thessalonians 3:14 Proverbs 13:1 Ezekiel 10:5 |
| ܫܡ̇ܥܬ | šmʿt shmeth |
hear, listen[perf] Peal | Isaiah 28:22 Isaiah 37:21 Isaiah 38:5 Isaiah 48:6 |
| ܫܡܥܘܗܝ | šmʿwhy shmewhy |
hear, listen-her | Acts 18:26 Acts 22:22 Romans 10:14 |
| ܫܡ̇ܥ | šmʿ shme |
hear, listen Peal | Isaiah 1:15 Ezekiel 3:6 Ezekiel 3:17 |
| ܘܫܡ̇ܥܬ | wšmʿt wshmeth |
and-hear, listen[perf] Peal | Isaiah 6:8 Ezekiel 2:2 Ezekiel 3:12 |
| ܫܡܥܗ | šmʿh shmeh |
hear, listen-his | Matthew 14:1 Psalms 22:25 Isaiah 33:19 |
| ܘܠܡܫܡܥ | wlmšmʿ wlmshme |
and.to-[ptcp]hear, listen | Matthew 13:17 Luke 10:24 Acts 17:21 |
| ܕܫܡ̇ܥ | dšmʿ dshme |
of-hear, listen | Ezekiel 3:27 Ezekiel 13:19 Ezekiel 33:4 |
| ܘܫܡܥ̇ܬ | wšmʿt wshmeth |
and-hear, listen[perf] Peal | Ezekiel 1:24 Ezekiel 1:28 Ezekiel 43:6 |
| ܡܫܡܥ | mšmʿ mshme |
[ptcp]hear, listen | Romans 10:17 Isaiah 6:9 Isaiah 55:2 |
| ܘܫܡܥܐ | wšmʿʾ wshme' |
and-hear, listen | Matthew 24:6 Luke 10:39 Acts 16:14 |
| ܠܡܫܡܥܬܗ | lmšmʿth lmshmethh |
so.that-hear, listen-his | Luke 7:1 2 Corinthians 10:5 |
| ܘܫܡ̇ܥܝܢ | wšmʿyn wshmeyn |
and-hear, listen[pl] | Ezekiel 33:31 Ezekiel 33:32 |
| ܫܡܝܥ | šmyʿ shmye |
hear, listen | Acts 15:24 Acts 19:2 |
| ܠܡܫܡܥܢܝ | lmšmʿny lmshmeny |
so.that-hear, listen-me Peal | Ezekiel 3:7 Ezekiel 20:8 |
| ܡܫܡܥܬܐ | mšmʿtʾ mshmeth' |
[ptcp]hear, listen[fem] | 1 Corinthians 12:17 1 Corinthians 12:17 |
| ܘܡܫܡܥ | wmšmʿ wmshme |
and.from-hear, listen | Romans 10:17 Psalms 18:45 |
| ܫܡܥܟ | šmʿk shmek |
hear, listen-your | Matthew 18:15 Matthew 18:16 |
| ܘܫܡܥܢ | wšmʿn wshmen |
and-hear, listen-them | Acts 4:20 1 John 1:3 |
| ܕܡܫܡܥ | dmšmʿ dmshme |
that.from-hear, listen | Galatians 6:6 Isaiah 41:26 |
| ܫܡܥܢܢ | šmʿnn shmenn |
hear, listen-we Peal | Psalms 44:2 Psalms 123:3 |
| ܘܕܫܡܥ | wdšmʿ wdshme |
and.of-hear, listen | 2 Corinthians 12:6 Proverbs 15:32 |
| ܠܡܫܡܥܗ | lmšmʿh lmshmeh |
so.that-hear, listen-his | Luke 19:48 John 6:60 |
| ܬܫܡܥܢܝ | tšmʿny thshmeny |
[impf]hear, listen-me | Acts 26:3 Psalms 81:9 |
| ܠܡܫܡܥܐ | lmšmʿʾ lmshme' |
so.that-hear, listen | Romans 15:18 Romans 16:25 |
| ܠܫܡܥܢ | lšmʿn lshmen |
to-hear, listen-them | John 12:38 Isaiah 53:1 |
| ܘܫܡܥܬܘܢ | wšmʿtwn wshmethwn |
and-hear, listen-you(pl) Peal | Luke 7:22 Philippians 4:9 |
| ܘܐܫܡܥ | wʾšmʿ w'shme |
and-[impf]hear, listen Aphel | Psalms 55:18 |
| ܘܫܡܥܗ | wšmʿh wshmeh |
and-hear, listen-his | Psalms 34:7 |
| ܕܢܫܡܥܢܝ | dnšmʿny dnshmeny |
of-[impf]hear, listen-me | Proverbs 8:34 |
| ܕܫܡܥܗ | dšmʿh dshmeh |
of-hear, listen-his | Hebrews 2:2 |
| ܠܡܫܡܥܬܐ | lmšmʿtʾ lmshmeth' |
so.that-hear, listen[fem] | 1 Peter 1:2 |
| ܢܫ̈ܡܥܢ | nšmʿn nshmen |
[impf]hear, listen-them | Isaiah 30:21 |
| ܕܫܡ̇ܥܝܢ | dšmʿyn dshmeyn |
of-hear, listen[pl] | Isaiah 32:3 |
| ܘܠܡܫ̈ܡܥܢܝ | wlmšmʿny wlmshmeny |
and.to-[ptcp]hear, listen-me | Proverbs 5:13 |
| ܘܕܡܫܡܥ | wdmšmʿ wdmshme |
and.of-[ptcp]hear, listen | Isaiah 52:7 |
| ܢܫܡ̈ܥܢ | nšmʿn nshmen |
[impf]hear, listen-them | Psalms 92:12 |
| ܘܫܡܘܥܬܐ | wšmwʿtʾ wshmweth' |
hear, listen | Ezekiel 7:26 |
| ܫܡܥܢܝ | šmʿny shmeny |
hear, listen-me Peal | Psalms 81:14 |
| ܕܫ̇ܡܥ | dšmʿ dshme |
of-hear, listen | Isaiah 41:26 |
| ܫܡܘܥܘܗܝ | šmwʿwhy shmwewhy |
hear, listen | Romans 2:13 |
| ܘܫܡܥܢܝ | wšmʿny wshmeny |
and-hear, listen-me Peal | Psalms 77:2 |
| ܐܫܡܥ. | ʾšmʿ 'shme |
[impf]hear, listen Aphel | Isaiah 21:3 |
| ܘܬܫܡܥ | wtšmʿ wthshme |
and-[impf]hear, listen | Acts 22:14 |
| ܘܢܫܡܥܟ | wnšmʿk wnshmek |
and-[impf]hear, listen-your | Ezekiel 24:26 |
| ܫܡܘܥܗ | šmwʿh shmweh |
hear, listen | James 1:23 |
| ܕܫܡ̇ܥܬ | dšmʿt dshmeth |
of-hear, listen[perf] Peal | Isaiah 21:10 |
| ܐܫ̇ܡܥܬ | ʾšmʿt 'shmeth |
[impf]hear, listen[perf] Aphel | Isaiah 42:9 |
| ܫܡ̈ܥܝܢ | šmʿyn shmeyn |
hear, listen[pl] | Isaiah 32:9 |
| ܕܫܡܥܘܗܝ | dšmʿwhy dshmewhy |
of-hear, listen-her | Hebrews 12:19 |
| ܘܐܫܡܥ̇ܬ | wʾšmʿt w'shmeth |
and-[impf]hear, listen[perf] Aphel | Isaiah 48:3 |
| ܘܐܫܡ̇ܥܬ | wʾšmʿt w'shmeth |
and-[impf]hear, listen[perf] Aphel | Isaiah 43:12 |
| ܫ̇ܡܥܬ | šmʿt shmeth |
hear, listen[perf] Peal | Ezekiel 35:12 |
| ܫܡܘܥܬܐ | šmwʿtʾ shmweth' |
hear, listen | Ezekiel 7:26 |
| ܕܐܫܡܥ | dʾšmʿ d'shme |
of-[impf]hear, listen Aphel | Psalms 26:7 |
| ܫܡܥ̇ܬ | šmʿt shmeth |
hear, listen[perf] Peal | Ezekiel 35:13 |
| ܕܫܡ̈ܥܢ | dšmʿn dshmen |
of-hear, listen-them | Isaiah 11:3 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| שָׁמַע | shama | to hear |
| שְׁמַע | shma | hear! (imperative) |
| מִשְׁמָע | mishma | meaning/implication |
| שַׁמָּע | shammá' | hearer, listener |
| שְׁמִיעָה | sh'mi'á | hearing, audition |
| נִשְׁמַע | nish'má | to be heard, to sound |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| سَمِعَ | sami'a | to hear |
| سَمَاع | sama' | hearing |
| سَامِع | sámi' | hearer, listener |
| مَسْمُوع | mas'mú | audible, sonorous |
| اِسْتِمَاع | is'timá' | listening, audition |