Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

auto_stories Method

Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

auto_stories Read more →

auto_awesome Root of the day

ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

Visualize this root →

Enter a root (dashes are added automatically). Show transliteration table

Enter in native script or transliteration

Search Syriac roots by their English meaning. Find the Aramaic semantic field of a concept.

Find verses where two roots appear together. Use transliterated roots (e.g. M-L-K, SH-L-M).

Search words or phrases in translations. Also accepts Syriac text.

list Browse all roots menu_book Read the Peshitta

hate, enemy

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܣܢܐ	snʾ sn'	hate, enemy Peal	Luke 14:26 John 3:20 John 7:7 John 15:18 John 15:18 John 15:19 John 15:23 John 15:23 John 17:14 Ephesians 5:29 1 John 3:13 1 John 4:20
ܣܢܝܐܝܢ	snyʾyn sny'yn	hate, enemy	Matthew 10:22 Matthew 24:9 Mark 13:13 Luke 21:17
ܘܣܢܝܐܝܢ	wsnyʾyn wsny'yn	hate, enemy	Romans 1:30 Titus 3:3
ܣܢܝܐܐ	snyʾʾ sny''	hate, enemy	Titus 1:16
ܘܡܣܢܐ	wmsnʾ wmsn'	and.from-hate, enemy	Luke 22:35
ܣܢܐܝܢ	snʾyn sn'yn	hate, enemy[pl]	Luke 1:71

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
שָׂנֵא	sane	hate

Arabic Cognates

No Arabic cognates available for this root.