ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܪܘܚܐ | rwḥʾ rwkh' |
spirit/wind | Matthew 1:18 Matthew 1:20 Matthew 3:16 Matthew 4:1 Matthew 7:25 Matthew 7:27 Matthew 10:1 Matthew 10:20 Matthew 11:7 Matthew 12:31 Matthew 12:32 Matthew 12:45 Matthew 14:24 Matthew 14:30 Matthew 14:32 Matthew 18:26 Matthew 18:29 Matthew 24:31 Matthew 26:41 Mark 1:12 ... +238 |
| ܕܪܘܚܐ | drwḥʾ drwkh' |
of the spirit | Matthew 8:27 Matthew 12:43 Mark 3:11 Mark 3:30 Mark 4:41 Luke 4:14 Luke 8:23 Luke 24:37 John 6:18 Acts 2:4 Acts 2:38 Acts 9:31 Acts 10:45 Acts 27:4 Romans 7:6 Romans 8:2 Romans 8:6 Romans 8:23 Romans 8:27 Romans 15:13 ... +40 |
| ܒܪܘܚܐ | brwḥʾ brwkh' |
in the spirit | Matthew 3:11 Matthew 8:26 Matthew 12:28 Mark 1:8 Mark 4:39 Mark 12:36 Luke 1:17 Luke 1:80 Luke 2:27 Luke 2:40 Luke 3:16 Luke 8:24 Luke 9:42 Luke 10:21 John 1:33 John 4:23 John 4:24 Acts 1:2 Acts 1:5 Acts 2:4 ... +39 |
| ܪܘܚܗ | rwḥh rwkhh |
spirit, wind-his | Matthew 27:50 Luke 4:18 Luke 8:55 Luke 18:7 John 19:30 Acts 5:9 Acts 6:3 Acts 8:39 Acts 16:7 Romans 2:4 Romans 3:26 Romans 8:9 Romans 8:9 Romans 8:11 Romans 8:11 Romans 9:22 1 Corinthians 2:11 1 Corinthians 13:4 2 Corinthians 7:13 1 Thessalonians 4:8 ... +24 |
| ܠܪܘܚܐ | lrwḥʾ lrwkh' |
to-spirit, wind | Mark 1:27 Luke 4:36 Luke 8:25 Luke 8:29 John 1:32 Acts 15:28 Acts 16:18 Acts 27:40 1 Corinthians 15:45 Galatians 5:17 Ephesians 4:30 Hebrews 10:29 1 John 4:6 Isaiah 23:13 Isaiah 28:6 Isaiah 32:2 Isaiah 63:10 Ezekiel 37:9 Ezekiel 42:16 Ezekiel 42:17 ... +15 |
| ܘܪܘܚܐ | wrwḥʾ wrwkh' |
and spirit | Matthew 28:19 Mark 1:10 Mark 4:37 Luke 1:15 Luke 2:25 Luke 9:39 John 3:5 Acts 5:32 Acts 6:5 Acts 6:10 Acts 7:55 Acts 13:52 Galatians 5:17 1 John 5:7 Proverbs 17:22 Proverbs 18:14 Proverbs 25:14 Isaiah 41:16 Isaiah 41:29 Isaiah 42:5 ... +8 |
| ܒܪܘܚ | brwḥ brwkh |
in-spirit, wind | Matthew 5:3 Matthew 22:43 Acts 11:28 Acts 18:25 Acts 21:4 Acts 22:1 Romans 1:9 Romans 1:20 Romans 2:29 Romans 8:4 Romans 8:9 Romans 8:13 Romans 12:11 1 Corinthians 5:3 1 Corinthians 5:4 1 Corinthians 14:2 1 Corinthians 14:16 Ephesians 2:22 Ephesians 3:5 Ephesians 6:18 ... +5 |
| ܪܘܚܝ | rwḥy rwkhy |
spirit, wind-my | Matthew 12:18 Luke 1:47 Luke 23:46 Acts 2:17 Acts 2:18 Acts 7:59 1 Corinthians 14:14 1 Corinthians 16:18 2 Timothy 3:10 Psalms 31:6 Psalms 77:4 Psalms 77:7 Psalms 142:4 Psalms 143:4 Psalms 143:7 Proverbs 1:23 Isaiah 26:9 Isaiah 30:1 Isaiah 42:1 Isaiah 44:3 ... +4 |
| ܒܪܘܚܗ | brwḥh brwkhh |
in-spirit, wind-his | Mark 2:8 Mark 8:12 John 11:33 John 13:21 Acts 17:16 1 Corinthians 2:10 Ephesians 3:16 Proverbs 11:13 Proverbs 20:19 Isaiah 15:5 Isaiah 27:8 Ezekiel 37:1 |
| ܪܘܚ | rwḥ rwkh |
spirit, wind Peal | 1 Corinthians 6:17 1 Corinthians 12:13 Ephesians 2:18 Ephesians 4:14 Philippians 1:27 Colossians 1:11 Hebrews 1:7 Psalms 104:4 Ezekiel 5:10 Ezekiel 5:12 Ezekiel 12:14 Ezekiel 17:21 |
| ܪ̈ܘܚܐ | rwḥʾ rwkh' |
spirit, wind | Psalms 78:26 Psalms 135:7 Psalms 147:18 Psalms 148:8 Proverbs 11:29 Isaiah 26:18 Isaiah 34:14 Ezekiel 37:9 |
| ܕܒܪܘܚܐ | dbrwḥʾ dbrwkh' |
that.in-spirit, wind | Romans 8:14 1 Corinthians 12:3 Galatians 4:29 Galatians 5:16 Colossians 1:8 2 Timothy 3:16 Hebrews 9:14 |
| ܕܪܘܚܗ | drwḥh drwkhh |
of-spirit, wind-his | Romans 15:19 2 Corinthians 1:22 2 Corinthians 3:17 2 Corinthians 5:5 Psalms 78:8 Isaiah 11:15 Isaiah 40:7 |
| ܕܪܘܚ | drwḥ drwkh |
of-spirit, wind | Romans 1:11 Romans 7:14 Romans 8:5 1 Corinthians 15:44 Ephesians 1:3 Philippians 1:9 Colossians 1:9 |
| ܪܘܚܟܘܢ | rwḥkwn rwkhkwn |
spirit, wind-your(pl) | Galatians 6:18 1 Thessalonians 5:14 1 Thessalonians 5:23 Philemon 1:25 Hebrews 13:22 James 5:7 James 5:8 |
| ܘܒܪܘܚܐ | wbrwḥʾ wbrwkh' |
and.in-spirit, wind | 1 Corinthians 4:21 1 Thessalonians 1:5 Psalms 33:6 Isaiah 4:4 Isaiah 11:4 Ezekiel 11:24 |
| ܒܪܘܚܝ | brwḥy brwkhy |
in-spirit, wind-my | 1 Corinthians 9:3 1 Corinthians 14:15 1 Corinthians 14:15 2 Corinthians 2:13 Philippians 1:7 2 Timothy 4:16 |
| ܘܪܘܚܗ | wrwḥh wrwkhh |
and-spirit, wind-his | 1 Corinthians 3:16 Isaiah 30:28 Isaiah 34:16 Isaiah 48:16 Isaiah 59:19 |
| ܕܒܪܘܚ | dbrwḥ dbrwkh |
that.in-spirit, wind | 1 Corinthians 2:14 1 Corinthians 5:5 Galatians 6:1 Galatians 6:8 |
| ܪܘܚܟ | rwḥk rwkhk |
spirit, wind-your | 2 Timothy 4:22 Psalms 104:30 Psalms 139:7 Psalms 143:10 |
| ܒܐܪܘܚܬܐ | bʾrwḥtʾ b'rwkhth' |
in-[impf]spirit, wind[fem] Aphel | Psalms 31:9 Psalms 118:5 Psalms 119:45 Isaiah 59:14 |
| ܘܕܪܘܚܐ | wdrwḥʾ wdrwkh' |
and.of-spirit, wind | 2 Corinthians 7:1 Ephesians 2:2 Hebrews 4:12 |
| ܪܘܚܗܘܢ | rwḥhwn rwkhhwn |
spirit, wind-their | Psalms 104:29 Isaiah 29:24 Ezekiel 13:3 |
| ܘܪܘܚܟ | wrwḥk wrwkhk |
and-spirit, wind-your | Psalms 51:12 Psalms 51:13 Psalms 51:14 |
| ܐܪܘܚܬ | ʾrwḥt 'rwkhth |
[impf]spirit, wind[perf] Aphel | 1 Timothy 5:10 Psalms 4:2 Psalms 18:37 |
| ܘܐܪܘܚܬܐ | wʾrwḥtʾ w'rwkhth' |
and-[impf]spirit, wind[fem] Aphel | Psalms 104:25 Isaiah 33:21 |
| ܘܒܪܘܚܗ | wbrwḥh wbrwkhh |
and.in-spirit, wind-his | 1 Corinthians 6:11 1 Corinthians 7:34 |
| ܘܠܪܘܚܐ | wlrwḥʾ wlrwkh' |
and.to-spirit, wind | Galatians 5:25 1 John 4:6 |
| ܕܪܘܚܟܘܢ | drwḥkwn drwkhkwn |
of-spirit, wind-your(pl) | Isaiah 65:14 Ezekiel 11:5 |
| ܕܪܘܚܝ | drwḥy drwkhy |
of-spirit, wind-my | Isaiah 38:16 Ezekiel 3:14 |
| ܪܘܝܚ | rwyḥ rwykh |
spirit, wind | 2 Corinthians 6:11 Psalms 119:96 |
| ܪܘܚܝܢ | rwḥyn rwkhyn |
spirit, wind[pl] | Luke 11:26 1 John 4:1 |
| ܪܘܚܬܐ | rwḥtʾ rwkhth' |
spirit, wind[fem] | 2 Corinthians 8:13 |
| ܪ̈ܘܚܬܐ | rwḥtʾ rwkhth' |
spirit, wind[fem] | Ezekiel 21:12 |
| ܘܒܪܘܚ | wbrwḥ wbrwkh |
and.in-spirit, wind | Romans 1:4 |
| ܘܒܪܘܚܟܘܢ | wbrwḥkwn wbrwkhkwn |
and.in-spirit, wind-your(pl) | 1 Corinthians 6:20 |
| ܘܪܘܝܚܐ | wrwyḥʾ wrwykh' |
spirit, wind | Ezekiel 23:32 |
| ܘܪܘܚܘ | wrwḥw wrwkhw |
and-spirit, wind[3pl] Peal | 2 Corinthians 6:13 |
| ܘܐܪܘܝܚܐ | wʾrwyḥʾ w'rwykh' |
spirit, wind | Matthew 7:13 |
| ܘܪܘܚܬ | wrwḥt wrwkhth |
and-spirit, wind[perf] Peal | Isaiah 30:33 |
| ܘܪܘܚܬܐ | wrwḥtʾ wrwkhth' |
and-spirit, wind[fem] | Proverbs 21:4 |
| ܠܐܪܘܚܬܐ | lʾrwḥtʾ l'rwkhth' |
to-[impf]spirit, wind[fem] Aphel | Psalms 66:12 |
| ܘܪܘܝܚ | wrwyḥ wrwykh |
spirit, wind | Psalms 101:5 |
| ܘܠܪܘܚܬܐ | wlrwḥtʾ wlrwkhth' |
and.to-spirit, wind[fem] | Hebrews 12:23 |
| ܕܠܪܘܚܐ | dlrwḥʾ dlrwkh' |
that.to-spirit, wind | Luke 24:39 |
| ܕܪܘܚܬܐ | drwḥtʾ drwkhth' |
of-spirit, wind[fem] | Hebrews 12:9 |
| ܘܐܫܬܪܚܘ | wʾštrḥw w'shthrkhw |
spirit, wind | Romans 1:27 |
| ܐܪܘܚܬܐ | ʾrwḥtʾ 'rwkhth' |
[impf]spirit, wind[fem] Aphel | Isaiah 22:18 |
| ܒܪܘܚܟܘܢ | brwḥkwn brwkhkwn |
in-spirit, wind-your(pl) | Isaiah 33:11 |
| ܪ̈ܘܚܝܢ | rwḥyn rwkhyn |
spirit, wind[pl] | Proverbs 9:12 |
| ܘܢܪܘܚ | wnrwḥ wnrwkh |
and-[impf]spirit, wind | Isaiah 60:5 |
| ܪ̈ܘܚܘܗܝ | rwḥwhy rwkhwhy |
spirit, wind-her | Ezekiel 42:20 |
| ܕܡܪܚ | dmrḥ dmrkh |
spirit, wind | Proverbs 14:14 |
| ܕܢܪܘܚ | dnrwḥ dnrwkh |
of-[impf]spirit, wind | Ezekiel 41:7 |
| ܡܪܚܘܬܐ | mrḥwtʾ mrkhwth' |
spirit, wind | Proverbs 27:4 |
| ܡܪ̈ܘܚܢ | mrwḥn mrwkhn |
[ptcp]spirit, wind-them | Proverbs 18:16 |
| ܘܡܪܚܬܐ | wmrḥtʾ wmrkhth' |
spirit, wind | Ezekiel 16:30 |
| ܠܪܘܚܢ | lrwḥn lrwkhn |
to-spirit, wind-them | Romans 8:16 |
| ܠܡܡܪܚܘ | lmmrḥw lmmrkhw |
spirit, wind | 1 Timothy 2:12 |
| ܕܡܡܪܚ | dmmrḥ dmmrkh |
spirit, wind | 2 Corinthians 11:21 |
| ܡܪܚܐ | mrḥʾ mrkh' |
spirit, wind | Proverbs 21:24 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| רוּחַ | ruakh | spirit/wind |
| רֵיחַ | reakh | scent/aroma |
| רֲוָח | ravaḥ | wind, breeze |
| רֻחָנִי | ruḥani | spiritual, mystical |
| הִתְרַוֵּחַ | hitravea(ḥ) | to rest, breathe |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| رُوح | ruh | spirit/soul |
| رِيح | rih | wind |
| رَاحَة | raha | rest/comfort |
| رَاوَحَ | rāwaḥa | to rest, take ease |
| رَائِحَة | rāʾiḥah | scent, fragrance |
| رَوْحَانِيّ | rūḥāniyy | spiritual, mystical |