Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

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pursue, persecute

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܪܕܦ	rdp rdp	pursue, persecute Peal	Acts 8:3 Acts 9:4 Acts 9:5 Acts 22:7 Acts 22:8 Acts 26:14 Acts 26:15 Galatians 1:13 Galatians 1:23 Galatians 4:29
ܪܕܦܘ	rdpw rdpw	pursue, persecute[3pl] Peal	Matthew 5:12 John 15:20 Acts 7:52 1 Thessalonians 2:15
ܪܕܦܝܢ	rdpyn rdpyn	pursue, persecute[pl]	John 5:16 1 Corinthians 4:12
ܘܪܕܦܝܢ	wrdpyn wrdpyn	and-pursue, persecute[pl]	Matthew 5:11 Matthew 5:44
ܘܪܕܘܦ	wrdwp wrdwp	pursue, persecute	1 Timothy 1:13
ܕܪܕܦܝܢ	drdpyn drdpyn	of-pursue, persecute[pl]	Matthew 10:23
ܕܐܬܪܕܦܘ	dʾtrdpw d'thrdpw	of-[pass]pursue, persecute[3pl] Ethpeel	Matthew 5:10
ܕܪܕܦܬ	drdpt drdpth	of-pursue, persecute[perf] Peal	1 Corinthians 15:9
ܠܡܪܕܦ	lmrdp lmrdp	so.that-pursue, persecute	Acts 26:11
ܪܕܘܦܐ	rdwpʾ rdwp'	pursue, persecute	Philippians 3:6
ܕܪܕܦ	drdp drdp	of-pursue, persecute	Acts 9:21
ܪܕܦܬ	rdpt rdpth	pursue, persecute[perf] Peal	Acts 22:4
ܪܕܝܦܘܬܐ	rdypwtʾ rdypwth'	pursue, persecute	2 Timothy 3:11

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
רָדַף	radaf	to pursue, to persecute
רְדִיפָה	redifah	persecution, pursuit
רֹוֵד	róved	persecutor
רְדִיפָה	rədifá	persecution
מְרוּדָף	mərudáf	pursued, persecuted

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
رَدِفَ	radifa	to follow, to come after
رَدِيف	radīf	companion rider, follower
رَائِد	rā'id	explorer, leader
رَدْف	radaf	rear, backend
اِرْتِداد	irtidād	retreat, reaction