ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܒܩܘܫܬܐ | bqwštʾ bqwshth' |
in-hard, difficult[fem] | Matthew 22:16 Luke 20:21 Acts 12:11 Romans 2:2 1 Corinthians 13:6 2 Corinthians 7:14 Ephesians 6:14 Philippians 1:18 Colossians 1:6 2 Thessalonians 2:12 Psalms 9:9 Psalms 19:10 Psalms 51:8 Psalms 63:3 Psalms 86:11 Psalms 119:151 Psalms 145:18 Proverbs 29:14 Isaiah 10:20 Isaiah 11:4 ... +6 |
| ܕܩܘܫܬܐ | dqwštʾ dqwshth' |
of-hard, difficult[fem] | John 6:32 Romans 1:18 2 Corinthians 6:7 Ephesians 1:13 Ephesians 4:24 Colossians 1:5 2 Thessalonians 2:10 James 1:18 James 5:19 Psalms 7:12 Psalms 31:6 Psalms 45:5 Psalms 51:21 Psalms 107:7 Psalms 119:43 Proverbs 12:19 Proverbs 14:25 Proverbs 16:11 Proverbs 22:21 Proverbs 22:21 ... +5 |
| ܩܘܫܬܐ | qwštʾ qwshth' |
hard, difficult[fem] | Luke 12:57 Romans 9:1 2 Corinthians 7:14 2 Corinthians 13:8 2 Corinthians 13:8 Ephesians 4:21 Ephesians 4:25 1 Timothy 2:7 1 Timothy 6:5 James 3:14 Psalms 15:2 Psalms 23:3 Psalms 119:160 Psalms 146:6 Proverbs 8:7 Proverbs 11:18 Proverbs 23:23 Proverbs 26:28 Isaiah 59:14 Isaiah 59:15 ... +1 |
| ܘܩܘܫܬܐ | wqwštʾ wqwshth' |
and-hard, difficult[fem] | John 1:14 Ephesians 5:9 Psalms 25:10 Psalms 61:8 Psalms 85:11 Psalms 86:15 Proverbs 3:3 Proverbs 20:28 Isaiah 39:8 |
| ܩܘܫܘ | qwšw qwshw |
hard, difficult[3pl] Peal | Matthew 7:7 Luke 11:9 Psalms 47:2 |
| ܘܒܩܘܫܬܐ | wbqwštʾ wbqwshth' |
and.in-hard, difficult[fem] | Psalms 89:15 Psalms 111:8 Proverbs 16:6 |
| ܐܩܘܫ | ʾqwš 'qwsh |
[impf]hard, difficult Aphel | Psalms 92:4 Ezekiel 21:22 |
| ܩܘܫ | qwš qwsh |
hard, difficult Peal | Ezekiel 6:11 Ezekiel 21:18 |
| ܩܘܫܬܗ | qwšth qwshthh |
hard, difficult-his | Psalms 91:4 |
| ܘܩܘܫ | wqwš wqwsh |
and-hard, difficult | Ezekiel 21:19 |
| ܩܘܫܝ | qwšy qwshy |
hard, difficult-my | Isaiah 23:16 |
| ܘܐܩܘܫ | wʾqwš w'qwsh |
and-[impf]hard, difficult Aphel | Psalms 92:4 |
| ܘܩܘܫܬܗ | wqwšth wqwshthh |
and-hard, difficult-his | Psalms 57:4 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| קָשֶׁה | qasheh | hard |
Arabic Cognates
No Arabic cognates available for this root.