Peshitta Constellations
Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots
Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →
Root of the day
ܫܟܒ
SH-KH-P
— lie down, sleep
Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration
What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →
שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev
شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b
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Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܩܫܝܐ | qšyʾ qshy' |
hard, difficult | Matthew 25:24 Mark 8:17 Luke 19:21 Luke 19:22 John 6:60 Acts 27:18 2 Timothy 3:1 |
| ܠܩܫܝܐ | lqšyʾ lqshy' |
to-hard, difficult | 1 Peter 2:18 |
| ܩܫܝܬܐ | qšytʾ qshyth' |
hard, difficult[fem] | James 3:4 |
| ܩܫܝܘܬܐ | qšywtʾ qshywth' |
hard, difficult[abst] | Romans 11:22 |
| ܘܠܩܝܫܝܐ | wlqyšyʾ wlqyshy' |
hard, difficult | James 5:7 |
| ܕܩܫܝܐ | dqšyʾ dqshy' |
of-hard, difficult | Matthew 14:30 |
| ܘܩܫܝܐ | wqšyʾ wqshy' |
and-hard, difficult | Acts 25:7 |
| ܩܫܝܝ | qšyy qshyy |
hard, difficult-my | Acts 7:51 |
| ܘܩܫܝܘܬܗ | wqšywth wqshywthh |
and-hard, difficult[abst]-his | Romans 11:22 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| קָשֶׁה | qashe | hard |
| קָשֶׁה | qasheh | hard, difficult |
| קֹשִׁי | qoshi | hardness, difficulty |
| הִתְקַשֵּׁה | hitkasheh | to harden, become stubborn |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| قَاسِي | qāsī | hard |
| قَسْوَة | qaswah | hardness, severity |
| تَقَسَّى | taqassa | to harden, become severe |
| قَسَاوَة | qasāwah | hardness, cruelty |