ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܩܕܝܫܐ | qdyšʾ qdysh' |
holy/saint | Matthew 16:27 Matthew 25:31 Mark 8:38 Luke 1:35 Luke 1:70 Luke 2:23 Luke 9:26 John 17:11 Acts 3:21 Acts 4:27 Acts 4:30 Acts 6:13 Acts 7:33 Acts 9:32 Acts 10:22 Acts 20:32 Acts 21:28 Acts 26:18 Romans 1:2 Romans 6:22 ... +84 |
| ܕܩܘܕܫܐ | dqwdšʾ dqwdsh' |
of holiness | Matthew 1:18 Matthew 1:20 Matthew 3:11 Matthew 4:1 Matthew 12:32 Matthew 28:19 Mark 1:8 Mark 3:29 Mark 12:36 Mark 13:11 Luke 1:15 Luke 1:35 Luke 1:41 Luke 1:67 Luke 2:25 Luke 2:26 Luke 3:16 Luke 3:22 Luke 4:1 Luke 10:21 ... +79 |
| ܩܘܕܫܐ | qwdšʾ qwdsh' |
holiness | Matthew 4:5 Matthew 7:6 1 Corinthians 9:13 1 Corinthians 9:13 Hebrews 8:2 Hebrews 9:1 Hebrews 9:2 Hebrews 9:3 Hebrews 10:19 Psalms 110:3 Isaiah 23:18 Isaiah 43:28 Ezekiel 22:26 Ezekiel 41:21 Ezekiel 42:14 Ezekiel 42:20 Ezekiel 44:23 |
| ܕܩܕܝܫܐ | dqdyšʾ dqdysh' |
be holy | Matthew 27:52 Romans 12:13 1 Corinthians 6:2 1 Corinthians 14:33 1 Corinthians 16:15 2 Corinthians 8:4 2 Corinthians 9:1 2 Corinthians 9:12 Ephesians 2:19 Ephesians 4:12 Colossians 1:12 1 Timothy 5:10 Philemon 1:7 Hebrews 9:8 Isaiah 5:19 Isaiah 5:24 |
| ܕܩܘܕܫܗ | dqwdšh dqwdshh |
be holy | Psalms 11:4 Psalms 20:7 Psalms 29:2 Psalms 30:5 Psalms 78:54 Psalms 96:9 Psalms 97:12 Psalms 102:20 Psalms 105:3 Psalms 105:42 Psalms 145:21 Isaiah 63:10 Isaiah 63:11 Ezekiel 28:14 Ezekiel 48:14 |
| ܕܩܘܕܫܝ | dqwdšy dqwdshy |
be holy | Psalms 2:6 Psalms 89:21 Isaiah 11:9 Isaiah 58:13 Isaiah 66:20 Ezekiel 20:39 Ezekiel 20:40 Ezekiel 36:20 Ezekiel 36:21 Ezekiel 36:22 Ezekiel 39:7 Ezekiel 39:7 Ezekiel 39:25 Ezekiel 43:7 Ezekiel 43:8 |
| ܩܕܝܫ | qdyš qdysh |
holy | Romans 7:12 Romans 7:12 Romans 11:16 1 Corinthians 3:17 1 Peter 1:16 Psalms 22:4 Psalms 46:5 Psalms 99:5 Psalms 111:9 Isaiah 6:3 Isaiah 6:3 Isaiah 6:3 Ezekiel 47:19 Ezekiel 48:28 |
| ܩܕܝܫܬܐ | qdyštʾ qdyshth' |
be holy | Matthew 24:15 Matthew 27:53 Luke 1:72 Romans 16:16 1 Corinthians 16:20 2 Corinthians 13:12 Ephesians 4:30 1 Thessalonians 4:8 1 Thessalonians 5:26 1 Peter 3:5 1 Peter 5:14 Isaiah 35:8 Isaiah 52:1 |
| ܠܩܕܝܫܐ | lqdyšʾ lqdysh' |
be holy | Acts 9:41 Romans 15:25 Romans 15:31 Romans 16:2 1 Corinthians 16:1 Ephesians 5:3 Hebrews 6:10 Isaiah 1:4 Isaiah 17:7 Isaiah 29:23 Isaiah 30:11 |
| ܩܕܘܫ | qdwš qdwsh |
be holy | Romans 1:4 Hebrews 9:3 Ezekiel 41:4 Ezekiel 42:13 Ezekiel 42:13 Ezekiel 43:12 Ezekiel 44:13 Ezekiel 45:3 Ezekiel 48:12 |
| ܡܩܕܫܝ | mqdšy mqdshy |
[ptcp]be holy-my | Ezekiel 5:11 Ezekiel 8:6 Ezekiel 9:6 Ezekiel 23:38 Ezekiel 24:21 Ezekiel 25:3 Ezekiel 37:26 Ezekiel 37:28 |
| ܡܩܕܫܐ | mqdšʾ mqdsh' |
[ptcp]be holy | Romans 2:22 Hebrews 9:12 Hebrews 9:24 Hebrews 9:25 Hebrews 13:11 Ezekiel 43:21 Ezekiel 47:12 Ezekiel 48:8 |
| ܘܩܕܝܫܐ | wqdyšʾ wqdysh' |
be holy | Mark 6:20 Acts 26:10 Romans 1:7 1 Corinthians 1:2 Psalms 89:19 Isaiah 41:20 Isaiah 60:9 |
| ܠܡܩܕܫܐ | lmqdšʾ lmqdsh' |
so.that-be holy | Isaiah 8:14 Isaiah 16:12 Ezekiel 11:16 Ezekiel 44:27 Ezekiel 45:2 Ezekiel 45:18 |
| ܕܩܘܕܫܟ | dqwdšk dqwdshk |
be holy | Psalms 5:8 Psalms 138:2 Isaiah 63:18 Isaiah 64:9 |
| ܕܡܩܕܫܝ | dmqdšy dmqdshy |
that.from-be holy-my | Isaiah 60:13 Ezekiel 44:8 Ezekiel 44:8 Ezekiel 44:15 |
| ܡܩܕܫܟ | mqdšk mqdshk |
[ptcp]be holy-your | Psalms 68:36 Psalms 74:7 Isaiah 63:18 Ezekiel 28:18 |
| ܩܕܝܫܘܬܐ | qdyšwtʾ qdyshwth' |
be holy | Acts 24:25 2 Corinthians 7:1 Hebrews 12:14 Psalms 93:5 |
| ܒܩܘܕܫܗ | bqwdšh bqwdshh |
be holy | Psalms 60:8 Psalms 68:18 Psalms 108:8 Psalms 150:1 |
| ܒܩܕܝܫܘܬܐ | bqdyšwtʾ bqdyshwth' |
be holy | 1 Thessalonians 3:13 1 Thessalonians 4:4 2 Thessalonians 2:13 1 Peter 1:2 |
| ܠܡܩܕܫܝ | lmqdšy lmqdshy |
so.that-be holy-my | Isaiah 13:3 Ezekiel 23:39 Ezekiel 44:9 Ezekiel 44:16 |
| ܘܐܬܩܕܫ̇ܬ | wʾtqdšt w'thqdshth |
and-[pass]be holy[perf] Ethpeel | Ezekiel 20:41 Ezekiel 28:22 Ezekiel 28:25 Ezekiel 39:27 |
| ܩ̈ܘܕܫܐ | qwdšʾ qwdsh' |
be holy | Ezekiel 42:13 Ezekiel 42:13 Ezekiel 43:12 Ezekiel 44:13 |
| ܕܡܩܕܫ | dmqdš dmqdsh |
that.from-be holy | Matthew 23:19 Isaiah 65:5 Ezekiel 20:12 Ezekiel 37:28 |
| ܩܕܝܫܝܢ | qdyšyn qdyshyn |
be holy | Colossians 1:22 1 Peter 1:15 1 Peter 1:16 |
| ܩܕܝܫܗ | qdyšh qdyshh |
be holy | Mark 1:24 Luke 4:34 Psalms 106:16 |
| ܩܕܫܘ | qdšw qdshw |
be holy[3pl] Peal | James 4:8 1 Peter 3:15 Isaiah 8:13 |
| ܕܩܕܝܫ | dqdyš dqdysh |
be holy | 1 Peter 1:15 Psalms 99:3 Psalms 99:9 |
| ܡܩܕܫ | mqdš mqdsh |
[ptcp]be holy | Matthew 23:17 John 17:19 1 Corinthians 7:14 |
| ܒܩܕܝܫܐ | bqdyšʾ bqdysh' |
be holy | Acts 3:14 Ephesians 1:18 Isaiah 29:19 |
| ܕܡܩܕܫܐ | dmqdšʾ dmqdsh' |
that.from-be holy | Ezekiel 44:1 Ezekiel 44:5 Ezekiel 45:6 |
| ܕܡܬܩܕܫܝܢ | dmtqdšyn dmthqdshyn |
that.from-[impf]be holy[pl] | Hebrews 10:14 Isaiah 66:17 Ezekiel 48:11 |
| ܕܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ | dqdyšʾ dqdysh' |
be holy | Psalms 89:6 Psalms 89:8 Proverbs 30:3 |
| ܘܩܕܝܫ | wqdyš wqdysh |
be holy | Luke 1:49 Isaiah 57:15 Isaiah 57:15 |
| ܡܩܕܫܗ | mqdšh mqdshh |
[ptcp]be holy-his | Psalms 20:3 Psalms 78:69 Ezekiel 48:10 |
| ܩܘܕܫܝ | qwdšy qwdshy |
be holy | Psalms 132:18 Ezekiel 22:26 |
| ܩܕܝܫ̈ܬܐ | qdyštʾ qdyshth' |
be holy | Isaiah 62:9 Ezekiel 36:38 |
| ܘܩܕܫܘ | wqdšw wqdshw |
and-be holy[3pl] Peal | Ezekiel 20:20 Ezekiel 45:1 |
| ܩܕܫܐ | qdšʾ qdsh' |
be holy | Proverbs 11:22 Proverbs 25:12 |
| ܠܩܘܕܫܐ | lqwdšʾ lqwdsh' |
be holy | Psalms 134:2 Proverbs 20:25 |
| ܒܡܩܕܫܝ | bmqdšy bmqdshy |
in-[ptcp]be holy-my | Ezekiel 44:7 Ezekiel 44:11 |
| ܕܐܬܩܕܫ̇ܬ | dʾtqdšt d'thqdshth |
of-[pass]be holy[perf] Ethpeel | Ezekiel 36:23 Ezekiel 38:16 |
| ܩܘ̈ܕܫܐ | qwdšʾ qwdsh' |
be holy | Ezekiel 41:4 Ezekiel 48:12 |
| ܒܡܩܕܫܗ | bmqdšh bmqdshh |
in-[ptcp]be holy-his | Psalms 96:6 Ezekiel 45:4 |
| ܘܩܕܝܫܬܐ | wqdyštʾ wqdyshth' |
be holy | Romans 12:1 James 1:27 |
| ܡܩܕܫܝܢ | mqdšyn mqdshyn |
[ptcp]be holy[pl] | John 17:19 1 Corinthians 1:2 |
| ܘܡܩܕܫܐ | wmqdšʾ wmqdsh' |
and.from-be holy | 1 Corinthians 7:14 Ezekiel 45:4 |
| ܘܕܩܕܝܫܘܬܐ | wdqdyšwtʾ wdqdyshwth' |
be holy | Romans 6:19 1 Corinthians 5:8 |
| ܘܡܩܕܫ | wmqdš wmqdsh |
and.from-be holy | Romans 15:16 Hebrews 9:13 |
| ܕܩܕܫ | dqdš dqdsh |
of-be holy | Hebrews 2:11 Psalms 29:8 |
| ܘܩܘܕܫܐ | wqwdšʾ wqwdsh' |
be holy | Ezekiel 45:4 |
| ܩܘܕܫܗ | qwdšh qwdshh |
be holy | Psalms 114:2 |
| ܩܕܝܫ̈ܝܢ | qdyšyn qdyshyn |
be holy | Ezekiel 45:1 |
| ܠܩܕܝ̈ܫܐ | lqdyšʾ lqdysh' |
be holy | Psalms 16:3 |
| ܘܠܩܕܝܫܐ | wlqdyšʾ wlqdysh' |
be holy | Psalms 78:41 |
| ܩܕܫܗ | qdšh qdshh |
be holy-his | John 10:36 |
| ܐܬܩܕܫ | ʾtqdš 'thqdsh |
[pass]be holy Ethpeel | Hebrews 10:29 |
| ܒܩܘܕܫܝ | bqwdšy bqwdshy |
be holy | Psalms 89:36 |
| ܒܩܕܝܫܘܗܝ | bqdyšwhy bqdyshwhy |
be holy | 2 Thessalonians 1:10 |
| ܠܩܘܕܫܟ | lqwdšk lqwdshk |
be holy | Psalms 74:3 |
| ܘܡܩܕܫܗ | wmqdšh wmqdshh |
and.from-be holy-his | Ezekiel 48:21 |
| ܘܩܕܝܫ̈ܘܗܝ | wqdyšwhy wqdyshwhy |
be holy | Isaiah 10:17 |
| ܩܕܝܫܢ | qdyšn qdyshn |
be holy | 1 Peter 1:22 |
| ܘܐܬܩܕܫ | wʾtqdš w'thqdsh |
and-[pass]be holy Ethpeel | Ezekiel 38:23 |
| ܩܘܕܫ̈ܐ | qwdšʾ qwdsh' |
be holy | Ezekiel 45:3 |
| ܘܐܬܩܕܫܬܘܢ | wʾtqdštwn w'thqdshthwn |
and-[pass]be holy-you(pl) Ethpeel | 1 Corinthians 6:11 |
| ܡܩܕܫܗܘܢ | mqdšhwn mqdshhwn |
[ptcp]be holy-their | Ezekiel 7:24 |
| ܩܕܝܫܘܗܝ | qdyšwhy qdyshwhy |
be holy | 1 Thessalonians 3:13 |
| ܘܩܕܫ̈ܐ | wqdšʾ wqdsh' |
and-be holy | Ezekiel 16:12 |
| ܢܩܕܫܟܘܢ | nqdškwn nqdshkwn |
[impf]be holy-your(pl) | 1 Thessalonians 5:23 |
| ܘܩܕܝܫܘܬܐ | wqdyšwtʾ wqdyshwth' |
be holy | 1 Corinthians 1:30 |
| ܕܢܩܕܫ | dnqdš dnqdsh |
of-[impf]be holy | Hebrews 13:12 |
| ܩ̈ܘܕܫܝ | qwdšy qwdshy |
be holy | Ezekiel 44:13 |
| ܘܩܕܝܫܢ | wqdyšn wqdyshn |
be holy | Titus 2:5 |
| ܕܐܩܕܫ | dʾqdš d'qdsh |
of-[impf]be holy Aphel | Ezekiel 36:23 |
| ܠܩܕܝܫܘܬܐ | lqdyšwtʾ lqdyshwth' |
be holy | 1 Thessalonians 4:7 |
| ܠܡܩܕܫܗ | lmqdšh lmqdshh |
so.that-be holy-his | Psalms 73:17 |
| ܩܕܫ | qdš qdsh |
he sanctified | John 17:17 |
| ܩܘܕܫܢ | qwdšn qwdshn |
be holy | Isaiah 64:10 |
| ܠܩܕܝܫܘܬܗ | lqdyšwth lqdyshwthh |
be holy | Hebrews 12:10 |
| ܩܕܝܫܟܘܢ | qdyškwn qdyshkwn |
be holy | Isaiah 43:15 |
| ܠܡܩ̈ܕܫܐ | lmqdšʾ lmqdsh' |
so.that-be holy | Ezekiel 45:4 |
| ܒܡܩܕܫܗܘܢ | bmqdšhwn bmqdshhwn |
in-[ptcp]be holy-their | Ezekiel 21:7 |
| ܠܩܕܝܫܘܗܝ | lqdyšwhy lqdyshwhy |
be holy | Colossians 1:26 |
| ܘܩܘܕܫܗ | wqwdšh wqwdshh |
be holy | Isaiah 58:13 |
| ܒܩܘܕܫܐ | bqwdšʾ bqwdsh' |
be holy | Ezekiel 44:27 |
| ܩܕܝܫ̈ܘܗܝ | qdyšwhy qdyshwhy |
be holy | Isaiah 24:23 |
| ܐܬܩܕܫܢ | ʾtqdšn 'thqdshn |
[pass]be holy-them Ethpeel | Hebrews 10:10 |
| ܘܒܩܕܝܫܐ | wbqdyšʾ wbqdysh' |
be holy | Isaiah 41:16 |
| ܕܐܬܩܕܫ | dʾtqdš d'thqdsh |
of-[pass]be holy Ethpeel | Isaiah 30:29 |
| ܕܐܬܩܕܫܘ | dʾtqdšw d'thqdshw |
of-[pass]be holy[3pl] Ethpeel | Hebrews 2:11 |
| ܘܩܘ̈ܕܫܝ | wqwdšy wqwdshy |
be holy | Ezekiel 22:8 |
| ܩܕܝܫܘܬܗ | qdyšwth qdyshwthh |
be holy | Psalms 65:5 |
| ܘܒܩܕܝܫܘܬܐ | wbqdyšwtʾ wbqdyshwth' |
be holy | 1 Timothy 2:15 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| קֹדֶשׁ | qodesh | holiness |
| קָדוֹשׁ | qadosh | holy |
| מִקְדָּשׁ | miqdash | sanctuary |
| קִדֵּשׁ | qidesh | to sanctify |
| קָדַשׁ | qadásh | to sanctify |
| קִדּוּשׁ | qidúsh | consecration, sanctification |
| קֹדֶשׁ | qódhesh | holiness |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| قُدْس | quds | holiness/Jerusalem |
| مُقَدَّس | muqaddas | holy/sacred |
| قَدَّسَ | qaddasa | to sanctify |
| قُدْس | quds | holiness |
| تَقْدِيس | taqdís | sanctification |
| قَدِّيس | qaddís | saint |