ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܢܦܫܗ | npšh npshh |
himself/his soul | Matthew 2:20 Matthew 10:39 Matthew 10:39 Matthew 12:25 Matthew 12:25 Matthew 12:26 Matthew 16:25 Matthew 16:25 Matthew 18:4 Matthew 20:28 Matthew 23:12 Matthew 23:12 Matthew 27:5 Matthew 27:42 Mark 3:24 Mark 3:25 Mark 3:26 Mark 5:5 Mark 8:35 Mark 8:35 ... +122 |
| ܢܦܫܝ | npšy npshy |
myself/my soul | Matthew 12:18 Luke 1:46 Luke 12:19 John 5:30 John 5:31 John 7:17 John 7:28 John 8:14 John 8:18 John 8:28 John 8:42 John 8:54 John 10:17 John 12:27 John 12:49 John 13:37 John 14:10 John 14:21 John 17:19 Acts 20:24 ... +80 |
| ܢܦܫܟ | npšk npshk |
yourself/your soul | Matthew 4:6 Matthew 8:4 Matthew 19:19 Matthew 22:37 Matthew 22:39 Matthew 27:40 Mark 1:44 Mark 12:30 Mark 12:31 Mark 15:30 Luke 4:9 Luke 4:23 Luke 5:14 Luke 10:27 Luke 10:27 Luke 12:20 Luke 23:37 Luke 23:39 John 1:22 John 7:4 ... +30 |
| ܠܢܦܫܝ | lnpšy lnpshy |
to-soul, self-my | Matthew 26:38 Mark 14:34 Luke 12:19 Acts 2:27 Romans 11:3 Romans 11:4 Psalms 3:3 Psalms 6:5 Psalms 7:3 Psalms 7:6 Psalms 11:1 Psalms 16:10 Psalms 17:13 Psalms 22:21 Psalms 30:4 Psalms 31:14 Psalms 35:3 Psalms 35:4 Psalms 35:7 Psalms 38:13 ... +22 |
| ܢܦܫܐ | npšʾ npsh' |
soul/self | Matthew 6:25 Matthew 10:28 Mark 3:4 Mark 12:33 Luke 6:9 Luke 10:30 Luke 12:23 Acts 3:23 Acts 3:23 Acts 27:22 1 Corinthians 14:7 2 Corinthians 7:10 1 Thessalonians 5:14 James 4:8 1 Peter 2:11 Psalms 19:8 Psalms 74:19 Proverbs 6:26 Proverbs 11:25 Proverbs 12:10 ... +13 |
| ܢܦܫܢ | npšn npshn |
soul, self-them | John 10:24 Acts 2:41 Acts 7:14 Acts 27:37 1 Corinthians 11:31 2 Corinthians 1:9 2 Corinthians 1:9 2 Corinthians 3:5 2 Corinthians 4:2 2 Corinthians 4:5 2 Corinthians 5:12 2 Corinthians 6:4 2 Corinthians 7:1 2 Corinthians 10:12 2 Corinthians 10:14 1 Thessalonians 2:8 Hebrews 10:39 1 Peter 3:20 1 John 1:8 Psalms 33:20 ... +9 |
| ܢܦܫܗܘܢ | npšhwn npshhwn |
themselves/their souls | Matthew 19:12 Luke 16:15 Luke 18:9 John 11:55 Acts 21:25 Acts 23:21 1 Corinthians 4:19 1 Corinthians 16:15 2 Corinthians 8:3 2 Corinthians 8:5 2 Corinthians 10:12 2 Corinthians 11:13 Ephesians 4:19 2 Timothy 2:26 2 Timothy 3:2 Psalms 107:18 Proverbs 8:36 Proverbs 13:7 Proverbs 28:4 Isaiah 5:21 ... +7 |
| ܢܦܫܟܘܢ | npškwn npshkwn |
yourselves/your souls | Matthew 23:31 Mark 13:9 Luke 12:57 Luke 17:14 Luke 21:19 Acts 13:46 Acts 15:29 Romans 6:11 Romans 6:13 Romans 6:16 Romans 11:25 Romans 12:16 Romans 12:16 Romans 12:19 2 Corinthians 7:11 2 Corinthians 13:5 2 Corinthians 13:5 Ephesians 5:19 Ephesians 6:7 Colossians 3:16 ... +6 |
| ܕܢܦܫܗ | dnpšh dnpshh |
of-soul, self-his | Matthew 16:26 Mark 8:37 Luke 9:24 John 19:12 Acts 1:7 Acts 20:10 Acts 21:11 Romans 14:5 1 Corinthians 9:7 1 Corinthians 10:24 2 Corinthians 10:18 Galatians 6:5 Philippians 2:4 1 Timothy 3:5 Hebrews 9:12 Psalms 10:3 Psalms 49:19 Proverbs 7:23 Proverbs 13:8 Proverbs 14:14 ... +5 |
| ܒܢܦܫܗ | bnpšh bnpshh |
in-soul, self-his | Matthew 9:21 Matthew 16:24 Mark 5:30 Mark 8:34 Luke 7:39 Luke 9:23 Luke 12:17 Luke 16:3 Luke 18:4 Luke 24:12 John 6:61 Acts 10:17 2 Timothy 2:13 Hebrews 6:13 Hebrews 7:27 Hebrews 11:19 1 John 5:10 Psalms 24:4 Proverbs 13:3 Proverbs 16:17 ... +4 |
| ܒܢܦܫܗܘܢ | bnpšhwn bnpshhwn |
in-soul, self-their | Matthew 9:3 Matthew 16:7 Matthew 21:25 Mark 2:8 Mark 4:17 Mark 6:51 Mark 9:10 Mark 11:31 Mark 12:7 Mark 14:4 Luke 7:30 Luke 7:49 Luke 20:5 Luke 20:14 John 7:35 Acts 7:54 Romans 1:22 Romans 1:28 |
| ܠܢܦܫܗ | lnpšh lnpshh |
to-soul, self-his | Luke 14:26 Luke 18:11 John 7:18 Romans 15:3 1 Corinthians 11:29 1 Corinthians 14:28 Galatians 6:4 Ephesians 5:27 Titus 2:14 Hebrews 5:4 Proverbs 11:17 Proverbs 13:3 Proverbs 14:10 Proverbs 16:24 Proverbs 17:19 Proverbs 18:7 Proverbs 22:16 |
| ܢܦܫ̈ܬܐ | npštʾ npshth' |
soul, self[fem] | Psalms 34:23 Psalms 97:10 Psalms 107:9 Proverbs 1:19 Proverbs 14:25 Ezekiel 13:18 Ezekiel 13:19 Ezekiel 13:20 Ezekiel 13:20 Ezekiel 17:17 Ezekiel 18:4 Ezekiel 22:25 Ezekiel 22:27 Ezekiel 36:5 |
| ܠܢܦܫܟ | lnpšk lnpshk |
to-soul, self-your | John 21:18 Acts 16:28 Romans 2:21 Romans 12:19 Psalms 128:2 Proverbs 2:10 Proverbs 3:22 Proverbs 9:12 Proverbs 22:25 Proverbs 24:14 |
| ܠܢܦܫܗܘܢ | lnpšhwn lnpshhwn |
to-soul, self-their | Romans 2:14 2 Corinthians 5:15 1 Timothy 3:13 1 Timothy 6:19 2 Timothy 4:3 Hebrews 12:3 1 Peter 1:12 Psalms 49:14 Psalms 78:18 Isaiah 3:9 |
| ܒܢܦܫܟܘܢ | bnpškwn bnpshkwn |
in-soul, self-your(pl) | Matthew 3:9 Matthew 16:8 Luke 3:8 Luke 12:1 Luke 17:3 Luke 21:34 Acts 5:35 Acts 20:28 Philippians 2:5 James 2:4 |
| ܕܢܦܫܗܘܢ | dnpšhwn dnpshhwn |
of-soul, self-their | Acts 14:16 Romans 10:3 Philippians 2:21 Psalms 49:9 Psalms 81:13 Proverbs 22:23 Ezekiel 25:15 |
| ܕܢܦܫܝ | dnpšy dnpshy |
of-soul, self-my | Philippians 3:9 Psalms 17:9 Psalms 31:8 Psalms 54:6 Psalms 138:3 Psalms 143:12 Isaiah 38:15 |
| ܢܦܫ | npš npsh |
soul, self Peal | Acts 1:14 Acts 2:43 Acts 2:46 Acts 4:32 Romans 13:1 Philippians 1:27 Philippians 2:2 |
| ܘܢܦܫܐ | wnpšʾ wnpsh' |
and-soul, self | Acts 17:25 Psalms 107:9 Proverbs 13:4 Proverbs 19:15 Proverbs 25:13 Proverbs 27:7 Ezekiel 18:4 |
| ܘܢܦܫܗ | wnpšh wnpshh |
and-soul, self-his | Matthew 16:26 Mark 8:36 Ephesians 5:25 Proverbs 23:14 Isaiah 15:4 |
| ܒܢܦܫܝ | bnpšy bnpshy |
in-soul, self-my | 1 Corinthians 4:4 2 Corinthians 2:1 Psalms 13:3 Isaiah 38:17 |
| ܕܢܦܫܐ | dnpšʾ dnpsh' |
of the soul | Hebrews 4:12 James 3:15 Proverbs 28:17 Isaiah 19:10 |
| ܘܢܦܫܝ | wnpšy wnpshy |
and-soul, self-my | John 10:15 Psalms 6:4 Psalms 71:23 Psalms 139:14 |
| ܕܠܢܦܫܗ | dlnpšh dlnpshh |
that.to-soul, self-his | Romans 14:7 Romans 14:7 Ephesians 5:33 |
| ܠܢܦܫܟܘܢ | lnpškwn lnpshkwn |
to-soul, self-your(pl) | Matthew 6:25 Luke 12:22 1 Corinthians 11:13 |
| ܘܢܦܫܗܘܢ | wnpšhwn wnpshhwn |
and-soul, self-their | 1 Timothy 6:10 Psalms 107:5 Psalms 107:26 |
| ܒܢܦܫܟ | bnpšk bnpshk |
in-soul, self-your | Romans 14:22 1 Timothy 4:16 Titus 2:7 |
| ܠܢܦܫܐ | lnpšʾ lnpsh' |
to-soul, self | Psalms 69:2 Proverbs 25:25 |
| ܒܢܦܫܢ | bnpšn bnpshn |
in-soul, self-them | Romans 8:23 Hebrews 6:19 |
| ܠܢܦܫܢ | lnpšn lnpshn |
to-soul, self-them | Romans 15:1 2 Corinthians 4:5 |
| ܢܦܫܬܐ | npštʾ npshth' |
soul, self[fem] | Luke 9:56 Luke 21:26 |
| ܕܠܢܦܫܐ | dlnpšʾ dlnpsh' |
that.to-soul, self | Matthew 10:28 |
| ܘܢܦܫ̈ܬܐ | wnpštʾ wnpshth' |
and-soul, self[fem] | Psalms 72:13 |
| ܢܦܫܟܝܢ | npškyn npshkyn |
soul, self-your(fp) | Luke 23:28 |
| ܠܢܦܫܬܐ | lnpštʾ lnpshth' |
to-soul, self[fem] | 1 Peter 3:19 |
| ܕܢܦܫܟܘܢ | dnpškwn dnpshkwn |
of-soul, self-your(pl) | 1 Corinthians 6:19 |
| ܕܢܦܫܟ | dnpšk dnpshk |
of-soul, self-your | Proverbs 3:5 |
| ܕܒܢܦܫ | dbnpš dbnpsh |
that.in-soul, self | 1 Corinthians 2:14 |
| ܕܒܢܦܫܢ | dbnpšn dbnpshn |
that.in-soul, self-them | 2 Thessalonians 3:9 |
| ܠܢܦܫ | lnpš lnpsh |
to-soul, self | 1 Corinthians 15:45 |
| ܕܢܦܝܫ | dnpyš dnpysh |
soul, self | Proverbs 23:2 |
| ܢܦܐܫܐ | npʾšʾ np'sh' |
soul, self | Philippians 2:28 |
| ܢܦܫ̈ܬܗ | npšth npshthh |
soul, self-his | Ezekiel 13:18 |
| ܒܢ̈ܦܫܬܐ | bnpštʾ bnpshth' |
in-soul, self[fem] | Ezekiel 27:13 |
| ܘܢܦܫܟܘܢ | wnpškwn wnpshkwn |
and-soul, self-your(pl) | 1 Thessalonians 5:23 |
| ܒܢܦܫܗܝܢ | bnpšhyn bnpshhyn |
in-soul, self-their(f) | Mark 16:3 |
| ܕܢܦܫ | dnpš dnpsh |
of-soul, self | 1 Corinthians 15:44 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| נֶפֶשׁ | nefesh | soul/self |
| נָפַשׁ | nafash | to rest |
| נִפְשִׁי | nifšî | my soul, my being |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| نَفْس | nafs | soul/self |
| تَنَفُّس | tanaffus | breathing |
| نَفَسَ | nafasa | to breathe |
| نَفَّاس | naffās | one who breathes |
| نَفْسَاوِي | nafsāwī | psychic, spiritual |
| انْتِفَاش | ʾintifāš | to swell, expand |