Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

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tax, tax collector

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܡܟܣܐ	mksʾ mks'	tax, tax collector	Matthew 5:46 Matthew 5:47 Matthew 9:9 Matthew 9:10 Matthew 9:11 Matthew 10:3 Matthew 17:25 Matthew 18:17 Matthew 21:32 Mark 2:14 Mark 2:15 Mark 2:16 Mark 2:16 Luke 3:12 Luke 5:27 Luke 5:27 Luke 5:30 Luke 7:29 Luke 15:1 Luke 18:10 ... +4
ܡܟܣܝ	mksy mksy	tax, tax collector-my	Romans 16:24 1 Corinthians 11:4 2 Corinthians 4:3 2 Corinthians 4:3
ܡܟܣ	mks mks	tax, tax collector Peal	John 8:46 Titus 1:13
ܘܠܡܟܣܘ	wlmksw wlmksw	and.to-tax, tax collector[3pl] Peal	Titus 1:9

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
מֶכֶס	mekhes	tribute, tax

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
مَكْس	maks	tax