Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

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Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܦܐܪ P-A-R — fruit, produce

Semantic field: fruit, yield, result of labor

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܦܐܪ (par) carries the full arc from seed to consequence — fruit is not just what grows on a tree but the visible manifestation of an invisible process. Greek καρπός retains the metaphorica… Explore this root →

פְּרִי peri

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guilty, owe

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܚܝܒ	ḥyb khyb	guilty, owe Peal	Matthew 26:66 Luke 7:41 Luke 16:5 Luke 16:7 John 19:7 Romans 1:14 1 Corinthians 11:7 2 Timothy 2:24 Titus 1:7 Titus 3:11 Philemon 1:18 Philemon 1:19 Hebrews 5:3 Hebrews 9:26 Hebrews 11:6
ܡܚܝܒ	mḥyb mkhyb	[ptcp]guilty, owe	Matthew 5:21 Matthew 5:22 Matthew 5:22 Matthew 5:22 Mark 3:29 John 7:51 John 8:11 Acts 22:25 Romans 1:32 Romans 2:1 Romans 8:34 1 Corinthians 11:27 1 John 5:16
ܚܝܒܝܢ	ḥybyn khybyn	guilty, owe[pl]	John 13:14 Romans 15:27 Romans 15:27 1 Corinthians 5:10 2 Corinthians 4:8 2 Corinthians 12:11 2 Corinthians 12:14 Hebrews 5:12
ܕܚܝܒ	dḥyb dkhyb	of-guilty, owe	Matthew 18:24 Matthew 18:28 Matthew 18:28 Matthew 18:30 Matthew 18:34 Mark 14:64 Galatians 5:3
ܚܝܒܐ	ḥybʾ khyb'	guilty, owe	Luke 7:41 Luke 16:5 1 Corinthians 11:10
ܐܬܚܝܒ	ʾtḥyb 'thkhyb	[pass]guilty, owe Ethpeel	Romans 14:23 James 2:10
ܕܚܝܒܝܢ	dḥybyn dkhybyn	of-guilty, owe[pl]	Luke 11:4 Luke 17:10
ܚܘܝܒܐ	ḥwybʾ khwyb'	guilty, owe	Romans 5:18 1 Corinthians 11:29
ܡܚܝܒܝܢ	mḥybyn mkhybyn	[ptcp]guilty, owe[pl]	Matthew 12:7
ܕܚܘܝܒܐ	dḥwybʾ dkhwyb'	guilty, owe	2 Corinthians 3:9
ܕܚܝܒܘ	dḥybw dkhybw	of-guilty, owe[3pl] Peal	Acts 26:10
ܚܝܒܬܘܢ	ḥybtwn khybthwn	guilty, owe-you(pl) Peal	James 5:6
ܚܝܒܗ	ḥybh khybh	guilty, owe-his	Hebrews 11:7
ܠܚܝܒܘܬܐ	lḥybwtʾ lkhybwth'	to-guilty, owe[abst]	1 Corinthians 11:34
ܠܚܝܒܝܢ	lḥybyn lkhybyn	to-guilty, owe[pl]	Matthew 6:12
ܕܐܬܚܝܒ	dʾtḥyb d'thkhyb	of-[pass]guilty, owe Ethpeel	Matthew 27:3
ܚܝܒܘܬܐ	ḥybwtʾ khybwth'	guilty, owe[abst]	Romans 8:1
ܘܬܚܝܒ	wtḥyb wthkhyb	and-[impf]guilty, owe	Luke 11:31
ܕܡܬܚܝܒ	dmtḥyb dmthkhyb	that.from-[impf]guilty, owe	Romans 13:7
ܠܚܘܝܒܐ	lḥwybʾ lkhwyb'	guilty, owe	Romans 5:16

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
חַיָּב	khayyav	guilty, debtor
חוֹב	khov	debt
חָיַב	kha-yav	obliged, culpable
מַחְיָב	makh-yav	responsible, culpable

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
وَجَبَ	wajaba	to be obligatory
وَاجِب	wa-jib	obligatory, due
مَوْجُوب	maw-jub	obliged, required
مَحْيُوب	mah-yub	guilty, responsible