Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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auto_awesome Root of the day

ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

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Search Syriac roots by their English meaning. Find the Aramaic semantic field of a concept.

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seal

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܚܬܡ	ḥtm khthm	seal Peal	John 3:33 John 6:27
ܘܚܬܡܐ	wḥtmʾ wkhthm'	and-seal	Romans 4:11 1 Corinthians 9:2
ܘܚܬܡܘ	wḥtmw wkhthmw	and-seal[3pl] Peal	Matthew 27:66
ܘܚܬܡܬ	wḥtmt wkhthmth	and-seal[perf] Peal	Romans 15:28
ܕܐܬܚܬܡܬܘܢ	dʾtḥtmtwn d'thkhthmthwn	of-[pass]seal-you(pl) Ethpeel	Ephesians 4:30
ܚܬܡܐ	ḥtmʾ khthm'	seal	2 Timothy 2:19
ܘܚܬܡܢ	wḥtmn wkhthmn	and-seal-them	2 Corinthians 1:22
ܘܐܬܚܬܡܬܘܢ	wʾtḥtmtwn w'thkhthmthwn	and-[pass]seal-you(pl) Ethpeel	Ephesians 1:13

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
חָתַם	khatam	to seal
חֹתֶם	khotém	seal (noun)
חוֹתְמָה	khotemá	seal (feminine noun)
חֻתָּם	khuṭṭám	sealed

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
خَتَمَ	khatama	to seal
خَتْم	khatm	seal (noun)
خَتِيم	khatīm	sealed