ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܚܫܚܬܐ | ḥšḥtʾ khshkhth' |
darkness[fem] | Romans 1:26 Romans 1:27 Colossians 2:22 |
| ܚܫܚܘ | ḥšḥw khshkhw |
darkness[3pl] Peal | 2 Timothy 2:16 Philemon 1:11 Hebrews 9:17 |
| ܠܚܘܫܚܐ | lḥwšḥʾ lkhwshkh' |
darkness | 1 Timothy 4:3 2 Timothy 2:21 |
| ܐܬܚܫܚ | ʾtḥšḥ 'thkhshkh |
[pass]darkness Ethpeel | Romans 1:26 1 Corinthians 9:18 |
| ܐܬܚܫܚܢ | ʾtḥšḥn 'thkhshkhn |
[pass]darkness-them Ethpeel | 1 Corinthians 9:12 1 Thessalonians 2:5 |
| ܕܚܫܚܬܐ | dḥšḥtʾ dkhshkhth' |
of-darkness[fem] | 1 Corinthians 7:31 Colossians 2:23 |
| ܕܚܫܚ | dḥšḥ dkhshkh |
of-darkness | Hebrews 6:7 |
| ܕܡܬܚܫܚܝܢ | dmtḥšḥyn dmthkhshkhyn |
that.from-[impf]darkness[pl] | 1 Corinthians 7:31 |
| ܘܐܬܚܫܚ | wʾtḥšḥ w'thkhshkh |
and-[pass]darkness Ethpeel | Acts 27:3 |
| ܘܚܫܚܐ | wḥšḥʾ wkhshkh' |
and-darkness | Ephesians 4:29 |
| ܒܚܫܚܬܐ | bḥšḥtʾ bkhshkhth' |
in-darkness[fem] | 1 Timothy 6:6 |
| ܘܚܫܚ | wḥšḥ wkhshkh |
and-darkness | Luke 9:62 |
| ܚܫܚ | ḥšḥ khshkh |
darkness Peal | Philemon 1:11 |
| ܐܬܚܫܚܬ | ʾtḥšḥt 'thkhshkhth |
[pass]darkness[perf] Ethpeel | 1 Corinthians 9:15 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| חֹשֶׁךְ | khoshekh | darkness |
| חָשַׁךְ | khashakh | to darken, make dark |
| חֲשֵׁכָה | khasheikhah | darkness, gloom |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| كَشَكَ | kashaka | to darken, make dark |
| كُشْكُوك | kushkook | darkness, gloom |
| كَشْكَشَة | kashkashah | darkness, gloom |