ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT

Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.

Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.

3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
auto_stories Method

Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

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ܚܫܚ KH-SH-KH
darkness
Peshitta Occurrences
Form Transliteration Gloss References
ܚܫܚܘ
ḥšḥw
khshkhw
darkness[3pl] Peal 2 Timothy 2:16 Philemon 1:11 Hebrews 9:17
ܚܫܚܬܐ
ḥšḥtʾ
khshkhth'
darkness[fem] Romans 1:26 Romans 1:27 Colossians 2:22
ܐܬܚܫܚ
ʾtḥšḥ
'thkhshkh
[pass]darkness Ethpeel Romans 1:26 1 Corinthians 9:18
ܕܚܫܚܬܐ
dḥšḥtʾ
dkhshkhth'
of-darkness[fem] 1 Corinthians 7:31 Colossians 2:23
ܠܚܘܫܚܐ
lḥwšḥʾ
lkhwshkh'
darkness 1 Timothy 4:3 2 Timothy 2:21
ܐܬܚܫܚܢ
ʾtḥšḥn
'thkhshkhn
[pass]darkness-them Ethpeel 1 Corinthians 9:12 1 Thessalonians 2:5
ܚܫܚ
ḥšḥ
khshkh
darkness Peal Philemon 1:11
ܘܚܫܚܐ
wḥšḥʾ
wkhshkh'
and-darkness Ephesians 4:29
ܐܬܚܫܚܬ
ʾtḥšḥt
'thkhshkhth
[pass]darkness[perf] Ethpeel 1 Corinthians 9:15
ܕܡܬܚܫܚܝܢ
dmtḥšḥyn
dmthkhshkhyn
that.from-[impf]darkness[pl] 1 Corinthians 7:31
ܘܐܬܚܫܚ
wʾtḥšḥ
w'thkhshkh
and-[pass]darkness Ethpeel Acts 27:3
ܘܚܫܚ
wḥšḥ
wkhshkh
and-darkness Luke 9:62
ܒܚܫܚܬܐ
bḥšḥtʾ
bkhshkhth'
in-darkness[fem] 1 Timothy 6:6
ܕܚܫܚ
dḥšḥ
dkhshkh
of-darkness Hebrews 6:7
Hebrew Cognates
Word Transliteration Meaning
חֹשֶׁךְ khoshekh darkness
חָשַׁךְ khashakh to darken, make dark
חֲשֵׁכָה khasheikhah darkness, gloom
Arabic Cognates
Word Transliteration Meaning
كَشَكَ kashaka to darken, make dark
كُشْكُوك kushkook darkness, gloom
كَشْكَشَة kashkashah darkness, gloom