ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܚܫܘܟܐ | ḥšwkʾ khshwk' |
darkness | Matthew 6:23 Matthew 6:23 Matthew 27:45 Mark 15:33 Luke 11:35 Luke 11:36 Luke 23:44 John 12:35 Acts 26:18 2 Corinthians 4:6 2 Corinthians 6:14 Ephesians 5:8 Ephesians 6:12 1 Thessalonians 5:5 1 Peter 2:9 Psalms 18:12 Psalms 74:20 Psalms 104:20 Psalms 105:28 Psalms 107:14 ... +10 |
| ܒܚܫܘܟܐ | bḥšwkʾ bkhshwk' |
dark, darkness | Matthew 4:16 Matthew 10:27 John 1:5 John 8:12 John 12:35 John 12:46 Romans 2:19 1 Thessalonians 5:4 1 John 1:6 1 John 2:9 1 John 2:11 Psalms 88:13 Psalms 91:6 Psalms 107:10 Psalms 112:4 Psalms 143:3 Proverbs 7:9 Isaiah 9:1 Isaiah 29:15 Isaiah 29:21 ... +5 |
| ܕܚܫܘܟܐ | dḥšwkʾ dkhshwk' |
dark, darkness | Luke 22:53 Romans 13:12 1 Corinthians 4:5 Ephesians 5:11 Colossians 1:13 1 John 2:8 1 John 2:11 Psalms 139:11 Proverbs 2:13 |
| ܘܚܫܘܟܐ | wḥšwkʾ wkhshwk' |
dark, darkness | John 1:5 Acts 13:11 1 John 1:5 Psalms 18:12 Psalms 139:12 Psalms 139:12 Isaiah 5:20 Isaiah 8:22 |
| ܠܚܫܘܟܐ | lḥšwkʾ lkhshwk' |
dark, darkness | Matthew 8:12 Matthew 22:13 Matthew 25:30 John 3:19 Hebrews 12:18 Psalms 88:7 Isaiah 5:20 |
| ܢܚܫܟ | nḥšk nkhshk |
[impf]dark, darkness | Matthew 24:29 Mark 13:24 Psalms 139:12 Isaiah 5:30 Isaiah 13:10 |
| ܕܒܚܫܘܟܐ | dbḥšwkʾ dbkhshwk' |
dark, darkness | Luke 1:79 Luke 12:3 Psalms 82:5 Isaiah 45:3 |
| ܚܫܘܟ | ḥšwk khshwk |
dark, darkness | Luke 11:34 Luke 24:1 John 20:1 |
| ܚܫܘܟܬܐ | ḥšwktʾ khshwkth' |
dark, darkness | Proverbs 20:20 Isaiah 45:19 |
| ܘܚܫܟܬ | wḥškt wkhshkth |
and-dark, darkness[perf] Peal | John 6:17 |
| ܢܚܫܟܝ | nḥšky nkhshky |
[impf]dark, darkness-my | Ezekiel 16:36 |
| ܠܡܚܫܟ | lmḥšk lmkhshk |
so.that-dark, darkness | Luke 24:29 |
| ܘܐܚܫܟܘ | wʾḥškw w'khshkw |
and-[impf]dark, darkness[3pl] Aphel | John 12:40 |
| ܚܫܝ̈ܟܐ | ḥšykʾ khshyk' |
dark, darkness | Proverbs 22:29 |
| ܘܚܫܘܟܝܢ | wḥšwkyn wkhshwkyn |
dark, darkness | Ephesians 4:18 |
| ܘܐܚܫܟ | wʾḥšk w'khshk |
and-[impf]dark, darkness Aphel | Psalms 105:28 |
| ܘܚܫܘܟܟ | wḥšwkk wkhshwkk |
dark, darkness | Isaiah 58:10 |
| ܢܚܫܟܢ | nḥškn nkhshkn |
[impf]dark, darkness-them | Romans 11:10 |
| ܚܫܟܬ | ḥškt khshkth |
dark, darkness[perf] Peal | Matthew 14:23 |
| ܚܫܘܟܝ | ḥšwky khshwky |
dark, darkness | Psalms 18:29 |
| ܬܚܫܟ | tḥšk thkhshk |
[impf]dark, darkness | Psalms 35:6 |
| ܘܒܚܫܘܟܐ | wbḥšwkʾ wbkhshwk' |
dark, darkness | 1 John 2:11 |
| ܚܫܘܟܟ | ḥšwkk khshwkk |
dark, darkness | Matthew 6:23 |
| ܚܫܟ | ḥšk khshk |
dark, darkness Peal | Luke 23:45 |
| ܢܚܫ̈ܟܢ | nḥškn nkhshkn |
[impf]dark, darkness-them | Psalms 69:24 |
| ܘܐܬܚܫܟ | wʾtḥšk w'thkhshk |
and-[pass]dark, darkness Ethpeel | Romans 1:21 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| חָשַׁךְ | khashakh | be dark |
| חֹשֶׁךְ | khoshekh | darkness |
Arabic Cognates
No Arabic cognates available for this root.