Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

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lack, need

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܚܣܝܪ	ḥsyr khsyr	lack, need	Matthew 19:20 Luke 12:20 Romans 4:20 2 Corinthians 11:24 2 Corinthians 12:11 James 1:5
ܚܣܝܪܝ	ḥsyry khsyry	lack, need	Luke 11:40 Luke 24:25 Romans 1:30 Galatians 3:1 Ephesians 5:17
ܢܚܣܪ	nḥsr nkhsr	[impf]lack, need	Matthew 16:26 Mark 8:36 Luke 9:25 1 Corinthians 3:15 Titus 3:13
ܘܚܣܪ	wḥsr wkhsr	and-lack, need	John 2:3 2 Corinthians 11:9
ܘܚܣܝܪܝܢ	wḥsyryn wkhsyryn	lack, need	Romans 3:23 James 2:15
ܚܣܝܪܘܬܗ	ḥsyrwth khsyrwthh	lack, need	Mark 12:44 Luke 21:4
ܚܣܪ	ḥsr khsr	lack, need Peal	Luke 15:14 Luke 22:35
ܚܣܝܪܘܬܐ	ḥsyrwtʾ khsyrwth'	lack, need	2 Corinthians 9:12 Colossians 1:24
ܚܣܝܪܐ	ḥsyrʾ khsyr'	lack, need	Mark 10:21 Luke 18:22
ܘܒܚܣܝܪܘܬܐ	wbḥsyrwtʾ wbkhsyrwth'	lack, need	Philippians 4:12
ܬܚܣܪ	tḥsr thkhsr	[impf]lack, need	Luke 22:32
ܕܚܣܝܪ	dḥsyr dkhsyr	lack, need	Hebrews 12:15
ܠܚܣܝܪܝ	lḥsyry lkhsyry	lack, need	2 Corinthians 11:19
ܚܣܪܬ	ḥsrt khsrth	lack, need[perf] Peal	Philippians 3:8
ܚܣܪܟ	ḥsrk khsrk	lack, need-your	Philemon 1:18
ܕܚܣܝܪܢ	dḥsyrn dkhsyrn	lack, need	Titus 1:5
ܕܚܣܝܪܐ	dḥsyrʾ dkhsyr'	lack, need	1 Thessalonians 3:10
ܚܣܝܪܝܢ	ḥsyryn khsyryn	lack, need	James 1:4
ܕܚܣܝܪܝ	dḥsyry dkhsyry	lack, need	Romans 2:20
ܕܚܣܪ	dḥsr dkhsr	of-lack, need	Philippians 4:11

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
חָסֵר	khaser	lacking, without
חֶסְרוֹן	khesron	deficiency, lack
חִסָּרוֹן	khissaron	deficiency, lack
חַסְרָן	khasran	deficient, scarce

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
خَسِرَ	khasira	to lose
خَسَارَة	khasāra	loss
خَاسِر	khasir	loser
مَخْسُور	makshur	impoverished, lost