Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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auto_awesome Root of the day

ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

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Search Syriac roots by their English meaning. Find the Aramaic semantic field of a concept.

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reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܡܚܣܕܝܢ	mḥsdyn mkhsdyn	[ptcp]reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)[pl]	Matthew 27:44 Mark 15:32
ܒܚܣܕܐ	bḥsdʾ bkhsd'	in-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)	1 Timothy 3:7 Hebrews 10:32
ܕܡܚܣܕܝܢ	dmḥsdyn dmkhsdyn	that.from-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)[pl]	Matthew 5:11
ܘܚܣܕ	wḥsd wkhsd	and-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)	Mark 16:14
ܚܣܕܗ	ḥsdh khsdh	reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)-his	Hebrews 13:13
ܕܚܣܕܗ	dḥsdh dkhsdh	of-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)-his	Hebrews 11:26
ܠܡܚܣܕܘ	lmḥsdw lmkhsdw	so.that-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)[3pl] Peal	Matthew 11:20
ܚܣܕܝ	ḥsdy khsdy	reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)-my	Luke 1:25
ܡܚܣܕ	mḥsd mkhsd	[ptcp]reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)	James 1:5
ܘܡܚܣܕܝܢ	wmḥsdyn wmkhsdyn	and.from-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)[pl]	Luke 6:22
ܕܚܣܕܐ	dḥsdʾ dkhsd'	of-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)	Romans 15:3

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
חֶסֶד	khesed	mercy/lovingkindness
חָסִיד	khasid	pious/Hasidic
חֲסִידוּת	khasidut	piety/Hasidism
חָסַד	khasad	to show mercy

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
حَسَدَ	hasada	to envy
حَسَد	hasad	envy
حَاسِد	hasid	envious
حَسُود	hasud	envious
تَحَاسَد	tahasad	to be mutually envious