ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →
ܚܣܕ
KH-S-D
reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)
Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܚܣܕܐ | ḥsdʾ khsd' |
reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift) | Psalms 22:7 Psalms 31:12 Psalms 44:14 Psalms 69:8 Psalms 79:4 Psalms 79:12 Psalms 89:42 Psalms 119:22 Psalms 119:39 Proverbs 27:11 Isaiah 51:7 Ezekiel 16:57 Ezekiel 22:4 Ezekiel 34:29 Ezekiel 36:6 Ezekiel 36:15 Ezekiel 36:30 |
| ܘܚܣܕܐ | wḥsdʾ wkhsd' |
and-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift) | Psalms 39:9 Psalms 69:10 Psalms 78:66 Proverbs 18:3 Isaiah 25:8 Isaiah 54:4 |
| ܚܣܕܗ | ḥsdh khsdh |
reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)-his | Hebrews 13:13 Psalms 74:18 Psalms 89:51 Psalms 107:43 |
| ܠܚܣܕܐ | lḥsdʾ lkhsd' |
to-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift) | Psalms 69:11 Psalms 109:25 Isaiah 43:28 Ezekiel 5:15 |
| ܡܚܣܕܝܢ | mḥsdyn mkhsdyn |
[ptcp]reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)[pl] | Matthew 27:44 Mark 15:32 |
| ܡܚܣܕ | mḥsd mkhsd |
[ptcp]reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift) | James 1:5 Psalms 74:10 |
| ܘܚܣܕ | wḥsd wkhsd |
and-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift) | Mark 16:14 Psalms 57:4 |
| ܚܣܕܬ | ḥsdt khsdth |
reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)[perf] Peal | Isaiah 37:23 Isaiah 37:24 |
| ܘܠܚܣܕܐ | wlḥsdʾ wlkhsd' |
and.to-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift) | Isaiah 30:5 Ezekiel 5:14 |
| ܠܡܚܣܕܘ | lmḥsdw lmkhsdw |
so.that-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)[3pl] Peal | Matthew 11:20 Isaiah 37:17 |
| ܚܣܕܝ | ḥsdy khsdy |
reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)-my | Luke 1:25 Psalms 69:20 |
| ܚܣܕܗܘܢ | ḥsdhwn khsdhwn |
reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)-their | Ezekiel 21:33 Ezekiel 36:7 |
| ܢܚܣܕܟ | nḥsdk nkhsdk |
[impf]reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)-your | Proverbs 25:8 Proverbs 25:10 |
| ܒܚܣܕܐ | bḥsdʾ bkhsd' |
in-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift) | 1 Timothy 3:7 Hebrews 10:32 |
| ܠܡܚܣ̈ܕܢܝ | lmḥsdny lmkhsdny |
so.that-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)-me Peal | Psalms 119:42 |
| ܕܡܚܣܕܝܢ | dmḥsdyn dmkhsdyn |
that.from-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)[pl] | Matthew 5:11 |
| ܕܢܚܣܕ | dnḥsd dnkhsd |
of-[impf]reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift) | Isaiah 37:4 |
| ܚܣܕܢܝ | ḥsdny khsdny |
reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)-me Peal | Psalms 55:13 |
| ܘܡܚܣܕܐ | wmḥsdʾ wmkhsd' |
and.from-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift) | Proverbs 18:13 |
| ܘܡܚܣܕܝܢ | wmḥsdyn wmkhsdyn |
and.from-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)[pl] | Luke 6:22 |
| ܘܚܣܕܘ | wḥsdw wkhsdw |
and-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)[3pl] Peal | Psalms 89:52 |
| ܚܣܕܟ | ḥsdk khsdk |
reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)-your | Psalms 74:22 |
| ܘܚܣܕܗ | wḥsdh wkhsdh |
and-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)-his | Proverbs 6:33 |
| ܕܡܚ̈ܣܕܢܝ | dmḥsdny dmkhsdny |
that.from-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)-me Peal | Proverbs 27:11 |
| ܕܚܣܕܐ | dḥsdʾ dkhsd' |
of-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift) | Romans 15:3 |
| ܕܚܣܕܗ | dḥsdh dkhsdh |
of-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)-his | Hebrews 11:26 |
| ܕܡܚܣܕ | dmḥsd dmkhsd |
that.from-reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift) | Psalms 44:17 |
| ܚܣܕܢ | ḥsdn khsdn |
reproach (Hebrew chesed = mercy - semantic shift)-them | Isaiah 4:1 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| חֶסֶד | khesed | mercy/lovingkindness |
| חָסִיד | khasid | pious/Hasidic |
| חֲסִידוּת | khasidut | piety/Hasidism |
| חָסַד | khasad | to show mercy |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| حَسَدَ | hasada | to envy |
| حَسَد | hasad | envy |
| حَاسِد | hasid | envious |
| حَسُود | hasud | envious |
| تَحَاسَد | tahasad | to be mutually envious |