Peshitta Constellations

Fresco, Jossi

doi:10.5281/zenodo.19358529

ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT

Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.

Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.

3,329

Root patterns

165,527

Word forms

3,459

Cognates

589

Semantic bridges

auto_stories Method

Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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Search Syriac roots by their English meaning. Find the Aramaic semantic field of a concept.

Find verses where two roots appear together. Use transliterated roots (e.g. M-L-K, SH-L-M).

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urge, exhort

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܒܚܦܝܛܘܬܐ	bḥpyṭwtʾ bkhpyTwth'	urge, exhort	Romans 12:8 2 Corinthians 8:8 2 Timothy 1:17 2 Timothy 4:2
ܚܦܝܛܘܬܐ	ḥpyṭwtʾ khpyTwth'	urge, exhort	2 Corinthians 1:6 2 Corinthians 7:11 2 Corinthians 8:16 Hebrews 6:11
ܚܦܝܛܝܢ	ḥpyṭyn khpyTyn	urge, exhort	Romans 12:11 Ephesians 4:3
ܕܚܦܝܛܐ	dḥpyṭʾ dkhpyT'	urge, exhort	2 Corinthians 8:22
ܚܦܛܘ	ḥpṭw khpTw	urge, exhort[3pl] Peal	Mark 15:11
ܐܬܚܦܛ	ʾtḥpṭ 'thkhpT	[pass]urge, exhort Ethpeel	1 Timothy 4:13
ܚܦܝܛܘ	ḥpyṭw khpyTw	urge, exhort	2 Corinthians 8:7
ܚܦܝܛܬܐ	ḥpyṭtʾ khpyTth'	urge, exhort	Acts 26:7
ܡܚܦܛ	mḥpṭ mkhpT	[ptcp]urge, exhort	Philippians 2:13
ܕܚܦܛ	dḥpṭ dkhpT	of-urge, exhort	Galatians 2:8
ܠܡܬܚܦܛܘ	lmtḥpṭw lmthkhpTw	so.that-[impf]urge, exhort[3pl]	2 Thessalonians 2:7
ܚܦܛ	ḥpṭ khpT	urge, exhort Peal	Galatians 2:8
ܐܬܚܦܛܢ	ʾtḥpṭn 'thkhpTn	[pass]urge, exhort-them Ethpeel	1 Thessalonians 2:17
ܕܡܬܚܦܛܐ	dmtḥpṭʾ dmthkhpT'	that.from-[impf]urge, exhort	Ephesians 2:2
ܚܦܝܛ	ḥpyṭ khpyT	urge, exhort	2 Corinthians 8:22
ܚܦܛܘܗܝ	ḥpṭwhy khpTwhy	urge, exhort-her	Acts 18:27

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
חָפַז	khafaz	to hurry
חֻפְּזָה	ḥuftza	haste, hurry
חֵפֶץ	ḥefetz	desire, will

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
حَفَّزَ	ḥaffaza	to motivate, to stimulate
تَحْفِيز	taḥfiz	motivation
حَفِيز	ḥafīz	motivating, stimulating
حُفْزَة	ḥufza	impetus, drive
تَحَفُّظ	taḥaffuẓ	precaution, caution

Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.

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