Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

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Search Syriac roots by their English meaning. Find the Aramaic semantic field of a concept.

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wine, donkey

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܚܡܪܐ	ḥmrʾ khmr'	wine	Matthew 9:17 Matthew 9:17 Matthew 11:19 Matthew 21:2 Matthew 21:5 Mark 2:22 Mark 2:22 Mark 2:22 Mark 15:23 Luke 5:37 Luke 5:37 Luke 5:37 Luke 5:38 Luke 5:39 Luke 7:33 Luke 7:34 Luke 10:34 John 2:3 John 2:3 John 2:9 ... +7
ܚܡܝܪܐ	ḥmyrʾ khmyr'	wine, donkey	Matthew 16:6 Matthew 16:11 Matthew 16:12 Mark 8:15 Luke 12:1 1 Corinthians 5:7 Galatians 5:9
ܠܚܡܪܐ	lḥmrʾ lkhmr'	to-wine, donkey	Matthew 21:7 John 2:10 1 Timothy 3:8 Titus 2:3
ܒܚܡܝܪܐ	bḥmyrʾ bkhmyr'	wine, donkey	1 Corinthians 5:8 1 Corinthians 5:8 1 Corinthians 5:8
ܘܚܡܪܐ	wḥmrʾ wkhmr'	and wine	Matthew 9:17 Mark 2:22 Luke 1:15
ܕܚܡܪܐ	dḥmrʾ dkhmr'	of wine	Matthew 18:6 Mark 9:42 Luke 17:2
ܠܚܡܝܪܐ	lḥmyrʾ lkhmyr'	wine, donkey	Matthew 13:33 Luke 13:21
ܚܡܪܗ	ḥmrh khmrh	wine, donkey-his	Luke 10:34 Luke 13:15
ܚܡܝܪܗ	ḥmyrh khmyrh	wine, donkey	Mark 8:15
ܚܡܘܪ	ḥmwr khmwr	wine, donkey	Acts 7:16
ܕܚܡܝܪܐ	dḥmyrʾ dkhmyr'	wine, donkey	1 Corinthians 5:6
ܒܚܡܪܐ	bḥmrʾ bkhmr'	in-wine, donkey	Ephesians 5:18

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
חֲמוֹר	khamor	donkey
חֶמֶר	khemer	wine
חֲמַרְתָּא	ḥamartā	mare
חַמָּר	ḥammār	muleteer, donkey driver
חִמְרָה	ḥimrāh	reddish color

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
خَمْر	khamr	wine
حِمَار	ḥimār	donkey
حُمَارَة	ḥumārā	she-donkey
حَمَّار	ḥammār	donkey driver
حَمِرَ	ḥamira	to become red