ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܚܠܦ | ḥlp khlp |
instead of/for | Matthew 2:22 Matthew 5:38 Matthew 5:38 Matthew 20:28 Mark 1:44 Mark 10:45 Luke 5:14 Luke 6:22 Luke 7:47 Luke 11:11 Luke 19:44 John 1:16 John 9:21 John 10:11 John 10:15 John 11:4 John 11:50 John 11:51 John 11:52 John 15:13 ... +68 |
| ܘܚܠܦ | wḥlp wkhlp |
and-exchange, instead of | Acts 12:23 2 Corinthians 5:15 Colossians 2:1 Colossians 2:1 Colossians 4:13 Hebrews 9:7 Psalms 109:4 Proverbs 17:10 Proverbs 21:18 Isaiah 3:24 Isaiah 3:24 Isaiah 3:24 Isaiah 55:13 Isaiah 60:17 Isaiah 60:17 Isaiah 60:17 Isaiah 61:7 Ezekiel 29:20 |
| ܚܠܦܝܢ | ḥlpyn khlpyn |
exchange, instead of[pl] | Romans 5:8 Romans 8:26 Romans 8:31 Romans 8:34 1 Corinthians 5:7 Galatians 2:20 Galatians 3:13 Titus 2:14 Hebrews 6:20 Hebrews 9:24 1 Peter 2:21 1 John 2:2 1 John 3:16 Isaiah 9:16 |
| ܕܚܠܦ | dḥlp dkhlp |
of-exchange, instead of | Matthew 26:28 Mark 14:24 Hebrews 5:3 Hebrews 10:6 Hebrews 10:8 Hebrews 10:18 Hebrews 12:2 Psalms 40:7 |
| ܚܠܦܝ | ḥlpy khlpy |
exchange, instead of-my | Matthew 10:3 Matthew 17:27 Mark 2:14 Mark 3:18 Luke 6:15 John 13:38 Acts 1:13 Acts 8:24 |
| ܚܠܦܘܗܝ | ḥlpwhy khlpwhy |
exchange, instead of-her | Luke 2:27 Acts 12:5 Hebrews 7:19 Proverbs 11:8 |
| ܘܚܠܦܘ | wḥlpw wkhlpw |
and-exchange, instead of[3pl] Peal | Romans 1:23 Romans 1:25 Psalms 106:20 Isaiah 24:5 |
| ܬܚܠܘܦܐ | tḥlwpʾ thkhlwp' |
exchange, instead of | Matthew 16:26 Mark 8:37 Psalms 55:20 |
| ܘܢܚܠܦ | wnḥlp wnkhlp |
and-[impf]exchange, instead of | Acts 6:14 |
| ܢܚ̈ܠܦܢ | nḥlpn nkhlpn |
[impf]exchange, instead of-them | Isaiah 41:1 |
| ܢܚܠܦ | nḥlp nkhlp |
[impf]exchange, instead of | Philippians 3:21 |
| ܚ̈ܠܦܐ | ḥlpʾ khlp' |
exchange, instead of | Isaiah 30:4 |
| ܘܐܬܚܠܦ | wʾtḥlp w'thkhlp |
and-[pass]exchange, instead of Ethpeel | Mark 9:2 |
| ܘܡܚܠܦ | wmḥlp wmkhlp |
and.from-exchange, instead of | Psalms 90:6 |
| ܕܚܠܦܝ | dḥlpy dkhlpy |
of-exchange, instead of-my | Romans 15:30 |
| ܘܚܠܦܬ | wḥlpt wkhlpth |
and-exchange, instead of[perf] Peal | Ezekiel 5:6 |
| ܚܘܠܦܗܘܢ | ḥwlphwn khwlphwn |
exchange, instead of | Psalms 44:13 |
| ܬܚܠܦ | tḥlp thkhlp |
[impf]exchange, instead of | Psalms 90:5 |
| ܢܚܠܘܦ | nḥlwp nkhlwp |
exchange, instead of | Isaiah 9:9 |
| ܐܬܚܠܦ | ʾtḥlp 'thkhlp |
[pass]exchange, instead of Ethpeel | Luke 9:29 |
| ܚܠܦܘܬܐ | ḥlpwtʾ khlpwth' |
exchange, instead of[abst] | Isaiah 32:6 |
| ܘܐܫܬܚܠܦ | wʾštḥlp w'shthkhlp |
and-[pass]exchange, instead of Ettaphal | Matthew 17:2 |
| ܚܠܦܐ | ḥlpʾ khlp' |
exchange, instead of | Isaiah 10:6 |
| ܐܫܬܚܠܦܘ | ʾštḥlpw 'shthkhlpw |
[pass]exchange, instead of[3pl] Ettaphal | Romans 12:2 |
| ܬܚܠܘܦܗ | tḥlwph thkhlwph |
exchange, instead of | Proverbs 21:18 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| חָלַף | khalaf | to pass/change |
| חִלּוּף | khilluf | exchange |
| חֲלִיפָה | khalifah | suit/substitute |
| חוּלָּף | khulaf | change, alteration |
| הֶחְלִיף | hekhlif | to substitute, change |
| חֶלֶף | khelef | instead of, in place of |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| خَلَفَ | khalafa | to succeed/replace |
| خَلِيفَة | khalifa | caliph/successor |
| خِلَاف | khilaf | disagreement |
| اِخْتِلَاف | ikhtilaf | difference |
| مُخَالَفَة | mukhalifah | opposition, disagreement |
| تَخَلُّف | takhallufu | backwardness, delay |