Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܦܐܪ P-A-R — fruit, produce

Semantic field: fruit, yield, result of labor

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܦܐܪ (par) carries the full arc from seed to consequence — fruit is not just what grows on a tree but the visible manifestation of an invisible process. Greek καρπός retains the metaphorica… Explore this root →

פְּרִי peri

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exchange, instead of

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܚܠܦ	ḥlp khlp	instead of/for	Matthew 2:22 Matthew 5:38 Matthew 5:38 Matthew 20:28 Mark 1:44 Mark 10:45 Luke 5:14 Luke 6:22 Luke 7:47 Luke 11:11 Luke 19:44 John 1:16 John 9:21 John 10:11 John 10:15 John 11:4 John 11:50 John 11:51 John 11:52 John 15:13 ... +46
ܚܠܦܝܢ	ḥlpyn khlpyn	exchange, instead of[pl]	Romans 5:8 Romans 8:26 Romans 8:31 Romans 8:34 1 Corinthians 5:7 Galatians 2:20 Galatians 3:13 Titus 2:14 Hebrews 6:20 Hebrews 9:24 1 Peter 2:21 1 John 2:2 1 John 3:16
ܚܠܦܝ	ḥlpy khlpy	exchange, instead of-my	Matthew 10:3 Matthew 17:27 Mark 2:14 Mark 3:18 Luke 6:15 John 13:38 Acts 1:13 Acts 8:24
ܕܚܠܦ	dḥlp dkhlp	of-exchange, instead of	Matthew 26:28 Mark 14:24 Hebrews 5:3 Hebrews 10:6 Hebrews 10:8 Hebrews 10:18 Hebrews 12:2
ܘܚܠܦ	wḥlp wkhlp	and-exchange, instead of	Acts 12:23 2 Corinthians 5:15 Colossians 2:1 Colossians 2:1 Colossians 4:13 Hebrews 9:7
ܚܠܦܘܗܝ	ḥlpwhy khlpwhy	exchange, instead of-her	Luke 2:27 Acts 12:5 Hebrews 7:19
ܘܚܠܦܘ	wḥlpw wkhlpw	and-exchange, instead of[3pl] Peal	Romans 1:23 Romans 1:25
ܬܚܠܘܦܐ	tḥlwpʾ thkhlwp'	exchange, instead of	Matthew 16:26 Mark 8:37
ܐܬܚܠܦ	ʾtḥlp 'thkhlp	[pass]exchange, instead of Ethpeel	Luke 9:29
ܘܐܬܚܠܦ	wʾtḥlp w'thkhlp	and-[pass]exchange, instead of Ethpeel	Mark 9:2
ܢܚܠܦ	nḥlp nkhlp	[impf]exchange, instead of	Philippians 3:21
ܘܢܚܠܦ	wnḥlp wnkhlp	and-[impf]exchange, instead of	Acts 6:14
ܐܫܬܚܠܦܘ	ʾštḥlpw 'shthkhlpw	[pass]exchange, instead of[3pl] Ettaphal	Romans 12:2
ܘܐܫܬܚܠܦ	wʾštḥlp w'shthkhlp	and-[pass]exchange, instead of Ettaphal	Matthew 17:2
ܕܚܠܦܝ	dḥlpy dkhlpy	of-exchange, instead of-my	Romans 15:30

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
חָלַף	khalaf	to pass/change
חִלּוּף	khilluf	exchange
חֲלִיפָה	khalifah	suit/substitute
חוּלָּף	khulaf	change, alteration
הֶחְלִיף	hekhlif	to substitute, change
חֶלֶף	khelef	instead of, in place of

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
خَلَفَ	khalafa	to succeed/replace
خَلِيفَة	khalifa	caliph/successor
خِلَاف	khilaf	disagreement
اِخْتِلَاف	ikhtilaf	difference
مُخَالَفَة	mukhalifah	opposition, disagreement
تَخَلُّف	takhallufu	backwardness, delay