Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܦܐܪ P-A-R — fruit, produce

Semantic field: fruit, yield, result of labor

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܦܐܪ (par) carries the full arc from seed to consequence — fruit is not just what grows on a tree but the visible manifestation of an invisible process. Greek καρπός retains the metaphorica… Explore this root →

פְּרִי peri

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new, renew

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܚܕܬܐ	ḥdtʾ khdth'	new	Matthew 9:16 Matthew 9:17 Matthew 9:17 Matthew 19:28 Matthew 26:28 Matthew 26:29 Matthew 27:60 Mark 1:27 Mark 2:21 Mark 2:21 Mark 2:22 Mark 2:22 Mark 14:24 Mark 16:17 Luke 5:36 Luke 5:36 Luke 5:37 Luke 5:37 Luke 5:38 Luke 5:39 ... +21
ܚܕܘܬܐ	ḥdwtʾ khdwth'	new, renew[abst]	Matthew 2:10 Luke 1:14 Luke 2:10 Luke 15:7 Luke 15:10 John 3:29 John 3:29 John 16:21 Acts 13:52 Acts 15:3 Romans 15:13 2 Corinthians 7:4 2 Corinthians 7:7 2 Corinthians 7:9 Galatians 5:22 1 Thessalonians 3:9 2 Timothy 1:4 Philemon 1:7 Hebrews 12:2 1 Peter 1:13
ܒܚܕܘܬܐ	bḥdwtʾ bkhdwth'	with joy	Matthew 13:20 Mark 4:16 Luke 1:44 Luke 8:13 Luke 10:17 Luke 24:52 Romans 15:32 Hebrews 10:34 1 Peter 1:8
ܚܕܬܬܐ	ḥdttʾ khdthth'	new, renew[fem]	Matthew 9:17 Matthew 13:52 Mark 2:22 Luke 5:38
ܘܒܚܕܘܬܐ	wbḥdwtʾ wbkhdwth'	and.in-new, renew[abst]	Matthew 28:8 Colossians 1:11 1 Thessalonians 1:6
ܚܕܘܬܟܘܢ	ḥdwtkwn khdwthkwn	new, renew	John 15:11 John 16:24
ܘܚܕܘܬܢ	wḥdwtn wkhdwthn	new, renew	1 Thessalonians 2:19 1 Thessalonians 2:20
ܠܚܕܘܬܐ	lḥdwtʾ lkhdwth'	to-new, renew[abst]	John 16:20 Philippians 1:25
ܠܚܕܘܬܗ	lḥdwth lkhdwthh	to-new, renew[abst]-his	Matthew 25:21 Matthew 25:23
ܚܕܝܬ	ḥdyt khdyth	new, renew	Philippians 1:18 Philippians 4:10
ܘܚܕܘܬܟܘܢ	wḥdwtkwn wkhdwthkwn	new, renew	John 16:22 James 4:9
ܕܚܕܘܬܝ	dḥdwty dkhdwthy	new, renew	John 15:11 2 Corinthians 2:3
ܚܕܘܬܝ	ḥdwty khdwthy	new, renew	John 17:13 Philippians 2:2
ܘܚܕܘܬܐ	wḥdwtʾ wkhdwth'	and-new, renew[abst]	Acts 8:8 Romans 14:17
ܠܚܕܘܬܗܘܢ	lḥdwthwn lkhdwthhwn	new, renew	2 Corinthians 8:2
ܘܚܕܘܬܝ	wḥdwty wkhdwthy	new, renew	Philippians 4:1
ܒܚܕܘܬܗ	bḥdwth bkhdwthh	in-new, renew[abst]-his	2 Corinthians 7:13
ܘܒܚܘܕܬܐ	wbḥwdtʾ wbkhwdth'	new, renew	Titus 3:5
ܚܕܘܬܗܘܢ	ḥdwthwn khdwthhwn	new, renew	Luke 24:41
ܕܡܬܚܕܬ	dmtḥdt dmthkhdth	that.from-[impf]new, renew	Colossians 3:10
ܕܚܕܘܬܟܘܢ	dḥdwtkwn dkhdwthkwn	new, renew	2 Corinthians 1:24
ܚܕܬ	ḥdt khdth	new	Acts 17:21
ܒܚܘܕܬܐ	bḥwdtʾ bkhwdth'	new, renew	Romans 12:2
ܒܚܕܬܘܬܐ	bḥdtwtʾ bkhdthwth'	in-new, renew[abst]	Romans 7:6
ܕܒܚܕܘܬܐ	dbḥdwtʾ dbkhdwth'	that.in-new, renew[abst]	Hebrews 13:17
ܕܚܘܕܬܐ	dḥwdtʾ dkhwdth'	new, renew	John 10:22
ܕܚܕܘܬܢ	dḥdwtn dkhdwthn	new, renew	1 John 1:4
ܘܚܕܝܬ	wḥdyt wkhdyth	new, renew	Luke 1:47
ܕܚܕܬ	dḥdt dkhdth	of-new, renew	Hebrews 10:20
ܕܚܕܘܬܐ	dḥdwtʾ dkhdwth'	of-new, renew[abst]	Hebrews 1:9
ܠܚܕܬܐ	lḥdtʾ lkhdth'	to-new, renew	Luke 5:36
ܘܒܚܕܘܬܗ	wbḥdwth wbkhdwthh	and.in-new, renew[abst]-his	Acts 12:14
ܚܕܘܬܗ	ḥdwth khdwthh	new, renew[abst]-his	Matthew 13:44

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
חָדָשׁ	khadash	new
חִדֵּשׁ	khiddesh	to renew
חִדּוּשׁ	khiddush	innovation
חֹדֶשׁ	khodesh	month (new moon)
חִידּוּש	khidush	novelty, innovation
חִדּוּשִׁי	kkhiduši	innovative, novel

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
حَدَثَ	hadatha	to happen/be new
حَدِيث	hadith	narration/hadith
حَدِيثَة	haditha	new/modern
حُدَثَاء	ḥudathā'	moderns, young people
حَدَاثَة	ḥadātha	novelty, modernity
مُحَدَّث	muḥaddath	recent, modern