ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܚܕܪ | ḥdr khdr |
surround Peal | Ezekiel 1:27 Ezekiel 6:5 Ezekiel 6:13 Ezekiel 32:22 Ezekiel 32:23 Ezekiel 32:24 Ezekiel 32:26 Ezekiel 34:26 Ezekiel 40:29 Ezekiel 40:33 Ezekiel 41:5 Ezekiel 41:6 Ezekiel 41:8 Ezekiel 41:12 Ezekiel 41:17 Ezekiel 41:19 Ezekiel 42:15 Ezekiel 42:17 Ezekiel 42:20 Ezekiel 43:13 ... +1 |
| ܕܚܕܝܪ̈ܝܢ | dḥdyryn dkhdyryn |
surround | Psalms 76:12 Ezekiel 5:7 Ezekiel 5:7 Ezekiel 5:14 Ezekiel 5:15 Ezekiel 28:24 Ezekiel 36:3 Ezekiel 36:4 Ezekiel 36:7 |
| ܚܕܪ̈ܝܢ | ḥdryn khdryn |
surround[pl] | Ezekiel 40:30 Ezekiel 41:16 Ezekiel 41:16 Ezekiel 43:12 Ezekiel 45:1 |
| ܚܕܪ̈ܢ | ḥdrn khdrn |
surround-them | Ezekiel 10:12 Ezekiel 40:16 Ezekiel 40:36 Ezekiel 41:10 Ezekiel 46:23 |
| ܕܚܕܪܝܢ | dḥdryn dkhdryn |
of-surround[pl] | Mark 6:36 Luke 9:12 Psalms 44:14 Psalms 79:4 |
| ܚܕܪܘܗܝ | ḥdrwhy khdrwhy |
surround-her | Mark 3:32 Acts 9:39 Acts 25:7 |
| ܕܚܕܪܝ | dḥdry dkhdry |
of-surround-my | Matthew 3:5 Luke 3:3 Acts 5:16 |
| ܚ̇ܕܪܐ | ḥdrʾ khdr' |
surround | Ezekiel 4:2 Ezekiel 8:10 Ezekiel 45:2 |
| ܘܐܚܕܪܗ | wʾḥdrh w'khdrh |
and-[impf]surround-his Aphel | Matthew 21:33 Mark 12:1 Isaiah 5:2 |
| ܕܚܕܪ | dḥdr dkhdr |
of-surround | John 9:8 Ezekiel 43:17 Ezekiel 43:20 |
| ܘܚܕܪ | wḥdr wkhdr |
and-surround | Mark 10:46 Luke 18:35 John 9:8 |
| ܕܚܕܝܪܝܢ | dḥdyryn dkhdyryn |
surround | Matthew 8:18 Luke 21:20 Ezekiel 12:14 |
| ܚܕܪܝ | ḥdry khdry |
surround-my | Mark 1:16 Acts 27:13 |
| ܘܚܕܪܘܗܝ | wḥdrwhy wkhdrwhy |
and-surround-her | John 10:24 Psalms 50:3 |
| ܚܕܪܝܢ | ḥdryn khdryn |
surround[pl] | Ezekiel 27:11 Ezekiel 40:43 |
| ܚܕܪ̈ܘܗܝ | ḥdrwhy khdrwhy |
surround-her | Psalms 97:2 Ezekiel 25:9 |
| ܕܚܕܝܪ̈ܢ | dḥdyrn dkhdyrn |
surround | Ezekiel 5:6 Ezekiel 16:57 |
| ܕܚܕܪ̈ܘܗܝ | dḥdrwhy dkhdrwhy |
of-surround-her | Psalms 89:8 Ezekiel 19:8 |
| ܚܕܘܪܐ | ḥdwrʾ khdwr' |
surround | Acts 3:10 |
| ܢܚܕܪܟ | nḥdrk nkhdrk |
[impf]surround-your | Psalms 91:4 |
| ܚܕܪܬ | ḥdrt khdrth |
surround[perf] Peal | Ezekiel 31:4 |
| ܚܕܝܪܝܢ | ḥdyryn khdyryn |
surround | Hebrews 12:1 |
| ܚܕܪ̈ܝ | ḥdry khdry |
surround-my | Psalms 78:28 |
| ܚܕܝܪܐ | ḥdyrʾ khdyr' |
surround | Psalms 34:8 |
| ܚܕܪܐ | ḥdrʾ khdr' |
surround | Ezekiel 40:17 |
| ܬܚܕܪܟ | tḥdrk thkhdrk |
[impf]surround-your | Psalms 7:8 |
| ܕܚܕܪܬ | dḥdrt dkhdrth |
of-surround[perf] Peal | Isaiah 15:8 |
| ܘܠܡܚܕܪ | wlmḥdr wlmkhdr |
and.to-[ptcp]surround | Luke 16:3 |
| ܕܚܕܪ̈ܢܝ | dḥdrny dkhdrny |
of-surround-me Peal | Psalms 40:13 |
| ܘܚܕܝܪ̈ܝܢ | wḥdyryn wkhdyryn |
surround | Ezekiel 32:25 |
| ܚܕܝܪ̈ܢ | ḥdyrn khdyrn |
surround | Ezekiel 5:5 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| חֶדֶר | kheder | room, chamber |
| חֹדֶר | ḥoder | room |
| חֲדָרָה | ḥadarah | envelope |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| حَدَرَ | ḥadara | to descend, to surround |
| حَادِر | ḥādir | surrounding |