Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

auto_stories Method

Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

auto_stories Read more →

auto_awesome Root of the day

ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

Visualize this root →

Enter a root (dashes are added automatically). Show transliteration table

Enter in native script or transliteration

Search Syriac roots by their English meaning. Find the Aramaic semantic field of a concept.

Find verses where two roots appear together. Use transliterated roots (e.g. M-L-K, SH-L-M).

Search words or phrases in translations. Also accepts Syriac text.

list Browse all roots menu_book Read the Peshitta

stumble

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܡܟܫܠܐ	mkšlʾ mkshl'	[ptcp]stumble	Matthew 5:29 Matthew 5:30 Matthew 18:8 Matthew 18:9 Mark 9:43 Mark 9:45 Mark 9:47 John 6:61 1 Corinthians 8:13
ܡܟܫܘܠܐ	mkšwlʾ mkshwl'	stumble	Matthew 13:41 Matthew 18:7 Matthew 18:7 Matthew 18:7 Luke 17:1
ܕܢܟܫܠ	dnkšl dnkshl	of-[impf]stumble	Matthew 18:6 Mark 9:42 Luke 17:2
ܘܡܬܟܫܠܝܢ	wmtkšlyn wmthkshlyn	and.from-[impf]stumble[pl]	Matthew 13:57 Mark 6:3
ܐܬܟܫܠܘ	ʾtkšlw 'thkshlw	[pass]stumble[3pl] Ethpeel	Matthew 15:12
ܕܟܫܠܐ	dkšlʾ dkshl'	of-stumble	1 Peter 2:8
ܕܡܟܫܘܠܐ	dmkšwlʾ dmkshwl'	stumble	Romans 9:33
ܘܡܟܫܘܠܐ	wmkšwlʾ wmkshwl'	stumble	Romans 16:17
ܐܟܫܠ	ʾkšl 'kshl	[impf]stumble Aphel	1 Corinthians 8:13
ܐܬܟܫܠ	ʾtkšl 'thkshl	[pass]stumble Ethpeel	Matthew 26:33
ܢܟܫܠ	nkšl nkshl	[impf]stumble	Matthew 17:27
ܟܫܠܗ	kšlh kshlh	stumble-his	Galatians 5:11
ܘܟܫܠܐ	wkšlʾ wkshl'	and-stumble	1 John 2:10

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
כָּשַׁל	kashal	to stumble, to fall
מִכְשׁוֹל	mikhshol	stumbling block, obstacle
נִכְשָׁל	nikh·shal	to stumble
מִכְשׇׁל	mikh·shal	stumbling block, obstacle

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
كَسِلَ	kasila	to be lazy
كَسْل	kas·l	laziness
كَسِيل	ka·sil	lazy