Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

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surround, city

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܐܬܟܪܟܢ	ʾtkrkn 'thkrkn	[pass]surround, city-them Ethpeel	Acts 27:4 Acts 27:7 Acts 28:13
ܘܟܪܟܗ	wkrkh wkrkh	and-surround, city-his	Matthew 27:59 Mark 15:46 Luke 23:53
ܐܬܟܪܟ	ʾtkrk 'thkrk	[pass]surround, city Ethpeel	Acts 19:1 Acts 20:2 Romans 15:19
ܐܬܟܪܟܘ	ʾtkrkw 'thkrkw	[pass]surround, city[3pl] Ethpeel	Acts 14:24 Hebrews 11:37
ܟܪܟܝܢ	krkyn krkyn	surround, city[pl]	Luke 19:17 Luke 19:19
ܕܐܬܟܪܟܘ	dʾtkrkw d'thkrkw	of-[pass]surround, city[3pl] Ethpeel	Hebrews 11:30
ܘܐܬܟܪܟ	wʾtkrk w'thkrk	and-[pass]surround, city Ethpeel	Acts 18:23
ܘܟܪܟܘܗܝ	wkrkwhy wkrkwhy	and-surround, city-her	John 19:40
ܠܟܪܟܐ	lkrkʾ lkrk'	to-surround, city	John 11:54
ܟܪܟܐ	krkʾ krk'	surround, city	2 Timothy 4:13
ܕܐܬܟܪܟܬ	dʾtkrkt d'thkrkth	of-[pass]surround, city[perf] Ethpeel	Acts 20:25
ܠܡܟܪܟܘ	lmkrkw lmkrkw	so.that-surround, city[3pl] Peal	1 Corinthians 9:5
ܘܟܪܟܬܗ	wkrkth wkrkthh	and-surround, city-his	Luke 2:7

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
כָּרַךְ	karakh	to wrap
כָּרוֹךְ	karokh	wrapped, enveloped
כְּרַךְ	kerekh	city, metropolis
כִּרְכַּר	kirkár	to turn around, surround

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
كَرَكَ	karaka	to wrap, surround
كِرَاك	kirák	city, municipality
كُرْكُور	kurkúr	to turn around, rotate