Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

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Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

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deny, village

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܟܦܪ	kpr kpr	deny, village Peal	Matthew 26:70 Matthew 26:72 Mark 14:68 Mark 14:70 Luke 22:57 John 1:20 John 18:25 John 18:27 1 Timothy 5:8 Hebrews 11:24 1 John 2:22
ܬܟܦܘܪ	tkpwr thkpwr	deny, village	Matthew 26:34 Matthew 26:75 Mark 14:30 Mark 14:72 Luke 22:34 Luke 22:61
ܢܟܦܘܪ	nkpwr nkpwr	deny, village	Matthew 16:24 Mark 8:34 Luke 9:23 2 Timothy 2:12 2 Timothy 2:12
ܕܟܦܪ	dkpr dkpr	of-deny, village	Luke 12:9 1 John 2:22 1 John 2:22 1 John 2:23
ܕܢܟܦܘܪ	dnkpwr dnkpwr	deny, village	Matthew 10:33 Acts 4:16 2 Timothy 2:13 Titus 2:12
ܐܟܦܘܪ	ʾkpwr 'kpwr	deny, village	Matthew 10:33 Matthew 26:35 Mark 14:31
ܟܦܪܝܢ	kpryn kpryn	deny, village[pl]	Luke 8:45 Titus 1:16
ܕܬܟܦܘܪ	dtkpwr dthkpwr	deny, village	John 13:38
ܕܟܦܪܘ	dkprw dkprw	of-deny, village[3pl] Peal	Acts 7:35
ܟܦܘܪܐ	kpwrʾ kpwr'	deny, village	Luke 6:35
ܟܦܪܬܘܢ	kprtwn kprthwn	deny, village-you(pl) Peal	Acts 3:14
ܘܟܘܦܪܐ	wkwprʾ wkwpr'	deny, village	1 Corinthians 4:13
ܟܦܪܝ	kpry kpry	deny, village-my	2 Timothy 3:2
ܘܟܦܪܬܘܢ	wkprtwn wkprthwn	and-deny, village-you(pl) Peal	Acts 3:13

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
כָּפַר	kafar	to atone, to cover
כְּפָר	kfar	village
כִּפּוּר	kippur	atonement
כַּפֹּר	kapór	cover, lid
כְּפִירָה	kfirá	denial, rejection
כּוֹפֵר	kofér	unbeliever, skeptic

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
كَفَرَ	kafara	to deny, to disbelieve
كَافِر	kāfir	disbeliever
كَفَّارَة	kaffāra	atonement
كُفْر	kufr	unbelief, disbelief
كَافِرَة	kāfira	female unbeliever
تَكْفِير	takfír	excommunication, apostasy