ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܗܦܟ | hpk hpk |
he turned/returned | Matthew 21:18 Luke 4:1 Luke 8:40 Luke 17:15 John 2:15 Acts 8:28 Hebrews 7:1 Psalms 7:13 Psalms 41:4 Psalms 94:15 Psalms 105:29 Psalms 114:3 Proverbs 30:30 Isaiah 5:25 Isaiah 9:11 Isaiah 9:16 Isaiah 9:20 Isaiah 10:4 Ezekiel 33:9 |
| ܘܗܦܟܘ | whpkw whpkw |
and-turn, overturn[3pl] Peal | Luke 2:20 Luke 2:45 Luke 7:10 Luke 10:17 Luke 24:33 Luke 24:52 Acts 5:22 Acts 14:21 Acts 21:6 Psalms 78:9 Psalms 78:41 Psalms 78:57 Psalms 105:25 Ezekiel 8:17 |
| ܗܦܟܘ | hpkw hpkw |
turn, overturn[3pl] Peal | Luke 2:39 Luke 2:43 Luke 9:10 Luke 23:48 Acts 1:12 Acts 7:39 Acts 8:25 |
| ܘܐܗܦܟܬ | wʾhpkt w'hpkth |
and-[impf]turn, overturn[perf] Aphel | Psalms 30:8 Psalms 85:4 Psalms 89:39 Psalms 89:44 Psalms 119:59 Isaiah 12:1 |
| ܘܗܦܟܬ | whpkt whpkth |
and-turn, overturn[perf] Peal | Luke 1:56 Luke 8:55 Acts 22:17 Psalms 71:20 Psalms 71:21 |
| ܗܦܟܬ | hpkt hpkth |
turn, overturn[perf] Peal | Acts 12:14 Galatians 1:17 Psalms 35:13 |
| ܗܦܟܐ | hpkʾ hpk' |
turn, overturn | Romans 11:29 2 Corinthians 7:10 Psalms 78:39 |
| ܕܡܗܦܟ | dmhpk dmhpk |
that.from-turn, overturn | James 5:20 Psalms 14:7 Psalms 53:7 |
| ܗܦܟܝܢ | hpkyn hpkyn |
turn, overturn[pl] | Psalms 78:34 Psalms 104:29 Proverbs 2:19 |
| ܗܦܝ̈ܟܬܐ | hpyktʾ hpykth' |
turn, overturn | Proverbs 2:12 Proverbs 16:30 |
| ܗܦ̇ܟ | hpk hpk |
turn, overturn Peal | Isaiah 55:10 Ezekiel 7:13 |
| ܘܐܗܦܟ̇ܬ | wʾhpkt w'hpkth |
and-[impf]turn, overturn[perf] Aphel | Ezekiel 39:23 Ezekiel 39:24 |
| ܐܬܗܦܟܢ | ʾthpkn 'thhpkn |
[pass]turn, overturn-them Ethpeel | 2 Corinthians 1:12 Ephesians 2:3 |
| ܕܐܗܦܟܬ | dʾhpkt d'hpkth |
of-[impf]turn, overturn[perf] Aphel | Psalms 30:12 Isaiah 64:6 |
| ܘܡܗܦܟ | wmhpk wmhpk |
and.from-turn, overturn | Proverbs 20:26 Isaiah 58:12 |
| ܗ̈ܦܟܢ | hpkn hpkn |
turn, overturn-them | Ezekiel 10:11 Ezekiel 10:16 |
| ܗܦܝܟܐ | hpykʾ hpyk' |
turn, overturn | Proverbs 8:13 Proverbs 10:31 |
| ܗ̈ܦܝܟܬܐ | hpyktʾ hpykth' |
turn, overturn | Proverbs 10:32 Proverbs 23:33 |
| ܘܗܘܦܟܐ | whwpkʾ whwpk' |
turn, overturn | Proverbs 14:24 Isaiah 63:15 |
| ܗܘܦܟܐ | hwpkʾ hwpk' |
turn, overturn | Psalms 55:10 Psalms 64:3 |
| ܒܗܘܦܟܐ | bhwpkʾ bhwpk' |
turn, overturn | James 3:13 Proverbs 2:14 |
| ܗܘܦܟܝ | hwpky hwpky |
turn, overturn | Romans 8:13 Galatians 1:13 |
| ܐܗܦܟܢ | ʾhpkn 'hpkn |
[impf]turn, overturn-them Aphel | Psalms 44:19 Isaiah 59:14 |
| ܗܦ̇ܟܬ | hpkt hpkth |
turn, overturn[perf] Peal | Isaiah 50:5 |
| ܘܗܘܦܟܗܘܢ | whwpkhwn whwpkhwn |
turn, overturn | Proverbs 12:5 |
| ܘܐܗܦܟܟ | wʾhpkk w'hpkk |
and-[impf]turn, overturn-your Aphel | Isaiah 37:29 |
| ܕܐܬܗܦܟܘ | dʾthpkw d'thhpkw |
of-[pass]turn, overturn[3pl] Ethpeel | Isaiah 63:15 |
| ܘܐܬܗܦܟܘ | wʾthpkw w'thhpkw |
and-[pass]turn, overturn[3pl] Ethpeel | Psalms 78:57 |
| ܘܐܗܦܟܘ | wʾhpkw w'hpkw |
and-[impf]turn, overturn[3pl] Aphel | Acts 15:24 |
| ܘܐܬܗܦܟ | wʾthpk w'thhpk |
and-[pass]turn, overturn Ethpeel | Psalms 32:4 |
| ܠܡܗܦܟܘ | lmhpkw lmhpkw |
so.that-turn, overturn[3pl] Peal | Psalms 78:38 |
| ܗܦܟܬܘܢ | hpktwn hpkthwn |
turn, overturn-you(pl) Peal | Galatians 4:9 |
| ܗܦܟ̇ܬ | hpkt hpkth |
turn, overturn[perf] Peal | Ezekiel 16:50 |
| ܗܦܟܬܐ | hpktʾ hpkth' |
turn, overturn[fem] | 1 Timothy 6:20 |
| ܘܐܗܦܟܢܝ | wʾhpkny w'hpkny |
and-[impf]turn, overturn-me Aphel | Ezekiel 44:1 |
| ܗܘܦܟܘܗܝ | hwpkwhy hwpkwhy |
turn, overturn | Colossians 3:9 |
| ܐܗܦܟܘ | ʾhpkw 'hpkw |
[impf]turn, overturn[3pl] Aphel | Isaiah 59:2 |
| ܐܗܦܟܬܘܢ | ʾhpktwn 'hpkthwn |
[impf]turn, overturn-you(pl) Aphel | Ezekiel 34:4 |
| ܕܗܦܟܬ | dhpkt dhpkth |
of-turn, overturn[perf] Peal | Psalms 114:5 |
| ܕܡܗܦܟܐ | dmhpkʾ dmhpk' |
that.from-turn, overturn | Proverbs 2:16 |
| ܒܗܘܦܟܘܗܝ | bhwpkwhy bhwpkwhy |
turn, overturn | James 1:11 |
| ܗܦܟܢ | hpkn hpkn |
turn, overturn-them | Psalms 44:19 |
| ܕܗܦܟܘ | dhpkw dhpkw |
of-turn, overturn[3pl] Peal | 2 Timothy 1:15 |
| ܐܗܦܟܬ | ʾhpkt 'hpkth |
[impf]turn, overturn[perf] Aphel | Psalms 74:11 |
| ܠܡܬܗܦܟܘ | lmthpkw lmthhpkw |
so.that-[impf]turn, overturn[3pl] | 1 Timothy 3:15 |
| ܘܒܗܘܦܟܐ | wbhwpkʾ wbhwpk' |
turn, overturn | 1 Timothy 4:12 |
| ܘܕܗܦܟ | wdhpk wdhpk |
and.of-turn, overturn | Proverbs 17:20 |
| ܕܡܗܦܟܝܢ | dmhpkyn dmhpkyn |
that.from-turn, overturn[pl] | Isaiah 28:6 |
| ܐܬܗܦܟ | ʾthpk 'thhpk |
[pass]turn, overturn Ethpeel | Psalms 38:11 |
| ܘܗܦܟܬܘܢ | whpktwn whpkthwn |
and-turn, overturn-you(pl) Peal | Isaiah 1:4 |
| ܘܗܦܟܢ | whpkn whpkn |
and-turn, overturn-them | Isaiah 59:13 |
| ܡܗܦܟܐ | mhpkʾ mhpk' |
[ptcp]turn, overturn | Proverbs 15:1 |
| ܗܦܝܟܬܐ | hpyktʾ hpykth' |
turn, overturn | Isaiah 1:7 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| הָפַךְ | hafakh | to turn, to overturn |
| הֶפֶךְ | hefekh | opposite, contrary |
| מַהְפֵּכָה | mahpekhah | revolution |
| הִפָּךְ | hipa' | to turn over, to invert |
| הֲפֵכָה | hafeikhah | revolution, drastic change |
| הֶפְךְ | hepekh | opposition, contrary |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| اِنْقَلَبَ | inqalaba | to overturn, to overthrow |
| انقِلاب | inqilāb | revolution, coup d'état |
| قَلَب | qalaba | to turn over, to flip |
| مَقْلُوب | maqLūb | inverted, turned over |