Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

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blaspheme

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܓܘܕܦܐ	gwdpʾ gwdp'	blaspheme	Matthew 12:31 Matthew 15:19 Mark 2:7 Mark 7:22 Mark 14:64 Luke 5:21 Colossians 3:8
ܡܓܕܦܝܢ	mgdpyn mgdpyn	[ptcp]blaspheme[pl]	Matthew 27:39 Mark 15:29 Luke 22:65 Acts 26:11 1 Timothy 1:20 James 2:7
ܘܓܘܕܦܐ	wgwdpʾ wgwdp'	blaspheme	Mark 3:28 Ephesians 4:31 1 Timothy 6:4
ܘܡܓܕܦܝܢ	wmgdpyn wmgdpyn	and.from-blaspheme[pl]	Acts 13:45 Acts 18:5 1 Peter 4:4
ܢܓܕܦ	ngdp ngdp	[impf]blaspheme	Luke 12:10 Titus 2:5
ܕܡܓܕܦ	dmgdp dmgdp	that.from-blaspheme	John 10:33 John 10:36
ܡܓܕܦ	mgdp mgdp	[ptcp]blaspheme	Matthew 9:3 Luke 23:39
ܕܓܘܕܦܐ	dgwdpʾ dgwdp'	blaspheme	Acts 6:11
ܓܘܕܦܗ	gwdph gwdph	blaspheme	Matthew 26:65
ܕܢܓܕܦ	dngdp dngdp	of-[impf]blaspheme	Mark 3:29
ܡܓܕܦܢ	mgdpn mgdpn	[ptcp]blaspheme-them	1 Timothy 1:13
ܕܡܓܕܦܝܢ	dmgdpyn dmgdpyn	that.from-blaspheme[pl]	Romans 3:8
ܘܓܘܕܦܝܢ	wgwdpyn wgwdpyn	blaspheme	Matthew 12:31
ܓܕܦ	gdp gdp	blaspheme Peal	Matthew 26:65

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
גִּדֵּף	giddef	to blaspheme, to revile
גִּדּוּף	gidduf	blasphemy
מְגַדֵּף	m'gaddéf	blasphemer

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
جَدَّفَ	jaddafa	to blaspheme
تَجْدِيف	tajdīf	blasphemy
جُدْفَة	judfah	blasphemy
مُجَدِّف	mujaddif	blasphemer