ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܥܘܠܐ | ʿwlʾ ewl' |
iniquity, wrong | Matthew 5:45 Matthew 7:23 Matthew 13:41 Matthew 23:28 Matthew 24:12 Mark 15:28 Luke 1:41 Luke 1:44 Luke 2:12 Luke 22:37 Romans 9:14 Romans 11:26 1 Corinthians 6:1 2 Corinthians 6:14 2 Thessalonians 2:8 2 Timothy 2:19 Titus 2:14 Hebrews 1:9 1 John 3:4 1 John 3:4 ... +89 |
| ܕܥܘ̈ܠܐ | dʿwlʾ dewl' |
of-iniquity, wrong | Psalms 1:1 Psalms 18:5 Psalms 31:19 Psalms 65:4 Psalms 94:20 Psalms 119:29 Psalms 119:61 Psalms 119:104 Psalms 119:128 Psalms 120:2 Psalms 125:3 Psalms 129:4 Psalms 140:5 Psalms 144:7 Psalms 144:11 Psalms 146:9 Proverbs 3:33 Proverbs 10:3 Proverbs 10:7 Proverbs 10:18 ... +36 |
| ܥܘ̣ܠܐ | ʿwlʾ ewl' |
iniquity, wrong | Psalms 109:6 Proverbs 1:19 Proverbs 10:6 Proverbs 10:11 Proverbs 10:26 Proverbs 10:29 Proverbs 13:11 Proverbs 16:6 Proverbs 16:12 Proverbs 17:9 Proverbs 17:19 Proverbs 19:11 Proverbs 21:15 Proverbs 21:24 Proverbs 22:8 Proverbs 23:28 Proverbs 24:15 Proverbs 26:6 Proverbs 29:16 Proverbs 29:22 ... +26 |
| ܕܥܘܠܐ | dʿwlʾ dewl' |
of-iniquity, wrong | Luke 16:8 Luke 16:9 Luke 16:11 Luke 18:6 Acts 8:23 Romans 6:13 1 Corinthians 6:9 2 Thessalonians 2:7 2 Thessalonians 2:10 Psalms 25:19 Psalms 32:10 Psalms 35:11 Psalms 41:9 Psalms 55:4 Psalms 71:4 Psalms 89:23 Psalms 101:3 Psalms 119:118 Psalms 119:150 Psalms 141:4 ... +11 |
| ܥܘ̈ܠܐ | ʿwlʾ ewl' |
iniquity, wrong | Psalms 18:49 Psalms 25:3 Psalms 43:1 Psalms 55:4 Psalms 58:4 Psalms 59:6 Psalms 64:7 Psalms 86:14 Psalms 107:42 Psalms 119:23 Psalms 119:51 Psalms 119:78 Psalms 119:85 Psalms 119:95 Psalms 119:115 Psalms 119:155 Psalms 140:2 Psalms 141:10 Psalms 145:20 Proverbs 1:7 ... +7 |
| ܕܢܥܘܠ | dnʿwl dnewl |
of-[impf]iniquity, wrong | Matthew 12:29 Matthew 19:23 Matthew 19:24 Mark 1:45 Mark 3:27 Mark 10:25 Luke 8:41 Luke 8:51 Luke 16:16 John 3:5 Acts 19:30 Acts 19:31 Romans 11:25 Hebrews 4:11 Psalms 24:9 Psalms 90:12 |
| ܥܘܠ | ʿwl ewl |
iniquity, wrong Peal | Matthew 6:6 Matthew 25:21 Matthew 25:23 Luke 16:10 Luke 16:10 Acts 9:6 Romans 3:5 Hebrews 6:10 Proverbs 12:19 Isaiah 26:20 Ezekiel 3:4 Ezekiel 3:11 Ezekiel 3:24 Ezekiel 8:9 Ezekiel 10:2 |
| ܬܥܘܠ | tʿwl thewl |
[impf]iniquity, wrong | Matthew 18:9 Mark 8:26 Mark 9:47 Psalms 79:11 Psalms 88:3 Psalms 102:2 Psalms 119:169 Psalms 119:170 Proverbs 22:24 Proverbs 23:10 Proverbs 27:10 Isaiah 7:25 |
| ܠܥܘ̈ܠܐ | lʿwlʾ lewl' |
to-iniquity, wrong | Psalms 11:5 Psalms 31:24 Psalms 39:9 Psalms 51:15 Psalms 106:18 Psalms 119:113 Psalms 119:158 Psalms 147:6 Proverbs 20:26 Proverbs 21:12 Proverbs 29:27 |
| ܥܘܠܗܘܢ | ʿwlhwn ewlhwn |
iniquity, wrong-their | Romans 1:18 Romans 4:7 Hebrews 8:12 Psalms 69:28 Psalms 73:6 Psalms 73:7 Psalms 89:33 Psalms 94:23 Psalms 107:17 Isaiah 13:11 Isaiah 58:1 |
| ܥܘ̣ܠܗܘܢ | ʿwlhwn ewlhwn |
iniquity, wrong-their | Ezekiel 4:4 Ezekiel 14:10 Ezekiel 14:11 Ezekiel 32:27 Ezekiel 37:23 Ezekiel 39:23 Ezekiel 39:24 Ezekiel 43:10 Ezekiel 44:10 Ezekiel 44:12 |
| ܒܥܘ̣ܠܗ | bʿwlh bewlh |
in-iniquity, wrong-his | Proverbs 12:3 Proverbs 28:20 Proverbs 29:6 Ezekiel 3:18 Ezekiel 7:13 Ezekiel 18:17 Ezekiel 33:8 Ezekiel 33:9 Ezekiel 33:12 |
| ܒܥܘܠܐ | bʿwlʾ bewl' |
in-iniquity, wrong | Romans 1:18 1 Corinthians 13:6 2 Thessalonians 2:12 1 Peter 2:19 Psalms 125:3 Isaiah 14:21 Isaiah 57:17 Isaiah 59:3 Isaiah 59:3 |
| ܘܥܘ̈ܠܐ | wʿwlʾ wewl' |
and-iniquity, wrong | Psalms 104:35 Psalms 119:86 Proverbs 2:22 Proverbs 10:30 Proverbs 11:6 Proverbs 12:10 Proverbs 12:21 Proverbs 14:19 |
| ܥܘܠܗ | ʿwlh ewlh |
iniquity, wrong-his | Psalms 7:17 Psalms 7:17 Psalms 32:1 Psalms 64:3 Psalms 85:3 Psalms 130:8 Isaiah 26:21 Isaiah 27:9 |
| ܘܥܘܠܐ | wʿwlʾ wewl' |
and-iniquity, wrong | Matthew 23:25 John 7:18 Psalms 74:20 Psalms 112:10 Proverbs 13:5 Proverbs 16:4 Proverbs 29:7 Isaiah 61:8 |
| ܥܘ̇ܠܐ | ʿwlʾ ewl' |
iniquity, wrong | Isaiah 26:10 Isaiah 55:7 Ezekiel 18:10 Ezekiel 18:21 Ezekiel 18:27 Ezekiel 33:8 Ezekiel 33:11 Ezekiel 33:19 |
| ܥܘܠܢ | ʿwln ewln |
iniquity, wrong-them | Romans 3:5 1 John 1:9 Psalms 90:15 Psalms 103:10 Psalms 103:12 Isaiah 53:5 Isaiah 59:12 |
| ܠܥܘܠܐ | lʿwlʾ lewl' |
to-iniquity, wrong | Romans 2:8 1 Timothy 1:9 Psalms 140:9 Proverbs 9:7 Proverbs 17:15 Proverbs 24:24 |
| ܘܢܥܘܠ | wnʿwl wnewl |
and-[impf]iniquity, wrong | John 10:9 1 Corinthians 14:24 James 2:2 Proverbs 11:8 Isaiah 19:23 Ezekiel 46:2 |
| ܕܬܥܘܠ | dtʿwl dthewl |
of-[impf]iniquity, wrong | Matthew 8:8 Matthew 18:8 Matthew 19:17 Mark 9:43 Mark 9:45 Luke 7:6 |
| ܥܘ̣ܠܗ | ʿwlh ewlh |
iniquity, wrong-his | Proverbs 28:13 Proverbs 29:25 Ezekiel 14:10 Ezekiel 33:11 Ezekiel 33:12 |
| ܒܥܘ̣ܠܐ | bʿwlʾ bewl' |
in-iniquity, wrong | Proverbs 12:13 Proverbs 28:4 Ezekiel 18:26 Ezekiel 33:13 Ezekiel 43:8 |
| ܥ̇ܘ̈ܠܐ | ʿwlʾ ewl' |
iniquity, wrong | Isaiah 24:16 Isaiah 24:16 Isaiah 53:8 Isaiah 53:12 Ezekiel 21:34 |
| ܕܥܘ̣ܠܐ | dʿwlʾ dewl' |
of-iniquity, wrong | Proverbs 4:17 Proverbs 12:17 Ezekiel 29:16 Ezekiel 35:5 Ezekiel 44:12 |
| ܥܘܠܘ | ʿwlw ewlw |
iniquity, wrong[3pl] Peal | Matthew 7:13 Psalms 100:2 Psalms 100:4 Isaiah 2:10 |
| ܕܥ̇ܘ̈ܠܐ | dʿwlʾ dewl' |
of-iniquity, wrong | Proverbs 10:6 Proverbs 10:11 Isaiah 1:28 Ezekiel 13:22 |
| ܠܥܘ̇ܠܐ | lʿwlʾ lewl' |
to-iniquity, wrong | Ezekiel 33:8 Ezekiel 33:8 Ezekiel 33:9 Ezekiel 33:14 |
| ܥܘܠܟ | ʿwlk ewlk |
iniquity, wrong-your | Isaiah 6:7 Isaiah 43:25 Isaiah 44:22 |
| ܥܘ̣ܠܟܘܢ | ʿwlkwn ewlkwn |
iniquity, wrong-your(pl) | Ezekiel 18:30 Ezekiel 21:29 Ezekiel 36:33 |
| ܐܥܘܠ | ʾʿwl 'ewl |
[impf]iniquity, wrong Aphel | Psalms 5:8 Psalms 71:16 Psalms 132:3 |
| ܕܐܥܘܠ | dʾʿwl d'ewl |
of-[impf]iniquity, wrong Aphel | Psalms 71:3 Psalms 73:17 Psalms 118:19 |
| ܥܘܠܝ | ʿwly ewly |
iniquity, wrong-my | Psalms 25:11 Psalms 51:4 Isaiah 47:5 |
| ܘܥܘ̣ܠܐ | wʿwlʾ wewl' |
and-iniquity, wrong | Proverbs 24:2 Ezekiel 7:11 |
| ܒܥܘܠܗܘܢ | bʿwlhwn bewlhwn |
in-iniquity, wrong-their | Psalms 53:2 Psalms 106:43 |
| ܘܕܥܘܠܐ | wdʿwlʾ wdewl' |
and.of-iniquity, wrong | Acts 24:15 Romans 6:19 |
| ܘܥܘ̇ܠܐ | wʿwlʾ wewl' |
and-iniquity, wrong | Isaiah 48:8 Ezekiel 33:12 |
| ܒܥܘ̣ܠܟܘܢ | bʿwlkwn bewlkwn |
in-iniquity, wrong-your(pl) | Ezekiel 24:23 Ezekiel 36:31 |
| ܥܘܠܘܬܗ | ʿwlwth ewlwthh |
iniquity, wrong[abst]-his | Ezekiel 18:27 Ezekiel 33:19 |
| ܕܥܘ̇ܠܐ | dʿwlʾ dewl' |
of-iniquity, wrong | Ezekiel 7:11 Ezekiel 33:11 |
| ܥܠܬܘܢ | ʿltwn elthwn |
iniquity, wrong | Luke 11:52 John 4:38 |
| ܒܥܘ̣ܠܗܘܢ | bʿwlhwn bewlhwn |
in-iniquity, wrong-their | Proverbs 11:6 Ezekiel 4:17 |
| ܒܥܘ̈ܠܐ | bʿwlʾ bewl' |
in-iniquity, wrong | Psalms 73:3 Proverbs 24:19 |
| ܕܥܘ̣ܠܗܘܢ | dʿwlhwn dewlhwn |
of-iniquity, wrong-their | Ezekiel 7:19 Ezekiel 14:3 |
| ܕܒܥܘܠܐ | dbʿwlʾ dbewl' |
that.in-iniquity, wrong | Psalms 51:7 Psalms 119:78 |
| ܕܥܘ̣ܠܗ | dʿwlh dewlh |
of-iniquity, wrong-his | Ezekiel 14:4 Ezekiel 14:7 |
| ܘܥܘܠܗܘܢ | wʿwlhwn wewlhwn |
and-iniquity, wrong-their | Hebrews 10:17 |
| ܘܥܘܠܘ | wʿwlw wewlw |
and-iniquity, wrong[3pl] Peal | Psalms 96:8 |
| ܐܥܘܠܢ | ʾʿwln 'ewln |
[impf]iniquity, wrong-them Aphel | 2 Corinthians 7:2 |
| ܘܒܥܘܠܟ | wbʿwlk wbewlk |
and.in-iniquity, wrong-your | Isaiah 43:24 |
| ܘܥܘ̣ܠܗܘܢ | wʿwlhwn wewlhwn |
and-iniquity, wrong-their | Ezekiel 39:26 |
| ܒܥܘ̇ܠܗܘܢ | bʿwlhwn bewlhwn |
in-iniquity, wrong-their | Ezekiel 20:27 |
| ܘܕܢܥܘܠ | wdnʿwl wdnewl |
and.of-[impf]iniquity, wrong | Luke 24:26 |
| ܠܥܘ̣ܠܐ | lʿwlʾ lewl' |
to-iniquity, wrong | Ezekiel 21:32 |
| ܥܘ̣ܠܝܢ | ʿwlyn ewlyn |
iniquity, wrong[pl] | Ezekiel 4:5 |
| ܘܐܥܘܠ | wʾʿwl w'ewl |
and-[impf]iniquity, wrong Aphel | Isaiah 37:24 |
| ܥܘܠܘܬܐ | ʿwlwtʾ ewlwth' |
iniquity, wrong[abst] | Romans 1:29 |
| ܘܠܥܘ̈ܠܐ | wlʿwlʾ wlewl' |
and.to-iniquity, wrong | Proverbs 24:10 |
| ܘܒܥܘ̣ܠܐ | wbʿwlʾ wbewl' |
and.in-iniquity, wrong | Ezekiel 28:18 |
| ܕܥܘܠܗܘܢ | dʿwlhwn dewlhwn |
of-iniquity, wrong-their | Psalms 5:11 |
| ܘܒܥܘܠܐ | wbʿwlʾ wbewl' |
and.in-iniquity, wrong | Psalms 58:3 |
| ܘܒܥܘ̣ܠܗ | wbʿwlh wbewlh |
and.in-iniquity, wrong-his | Proverbs 11:5 |
| ܥܘܠܝܢ | ʿwlyn ewlyn |
iniquity, wrong[pl] | Proverbs 29:12 |
| ܕܥܘ̣ܠܢ | dʿwln dewln |
of-iniquity, wrong-them | Ezekiel 33:10 |
| ܥ̇ܘܠܐ | ʿwlʾ ewl' |
iniquity, wrong | Proverbs 11:5 |
| ܕܒܥܘ̣ܠܐ | dbʿwlʾ dbewl' |
that.in-iniquity, wrong | Proverbs 21:27 |
| ܒܥܘܠܗ | bʿwlh bewlh |
in-iniquity, wrong-his | Ezekiel 33:18 |
| ܕܥܘ̇ܠܗܘܢ | dʿwlhwn dewlhwn |
of-iniquity, wrong-their | Ezekiel 21:34 |
| ܒܥܘ̇ܠܐ | bʿwlʾ bewl' |
in-iniquity, wrong | Ezekiel 18:24 |
| ܕܥ̇ܘܠ̈ܐ | dʿwlʾ dewl' |
of-iniquity, wrong | Proverbs 29:16 |
| ܘܒܥܘܠܟܘܢ | wbʿwlkwn wbewlkwn |
and.in-iniquity, wrong-your(pl) | Isaiah 50:1 |
| ܕܥܘܠܢ | dʿwln dewln |
of-iniquity, wrong-them | Isaiah 59:12 |
| ܡܥܘܠ | mʿwl mewl |
[ptcp]iniquity, wrong | Matthew 20:13 |
| ܘܒܥ̇ܘ̈ܠܐ | wbʿwlʾ wbewl' |
and.in-iniquity, wrong | Isaiah 53:12 |
| ܥܘ̇ܠܗ | ʿwlh ewlh |
iniquity, wrong-his | Ezekiel 14:10 |
| ܘܠܥܘܠܐ | wlʿwlʾ wlewl' |
and.to-iniquity, wrong | Luke 2:16 |
| ܕܥܘ̣ܠܟ | dʿwlk dewlk |
of-iniquity, wrong-your | Ezekiel 21:30 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| עוֹל | ol | yoke |
| עָוַל | ʿāval | to be unjust, to be iniquitous |
| עֶוֶל | ʿevel | injustice, iniquity |
| עַוְלָה | ʿavlā | injustice, wrong |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| عَاوَلَ | ʿāwala | to enter, to go in |
| عَوْلٌ | ʿawl | injustice, partiality |
| عَائِلٌ | ʿāʾil | needy, indigent |