Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܦܐܪ P-A-R — fruit, produce

Semantic field: fruit, yield, result of labor

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܦܐܪ (par) carries the full arc from seed to consequence — fruit is not just what grows on a tree but the visible manifestation of an invisible process. Greek καρπός retains the metaphorica… Explore this root →

פְּרִי peri

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people, nation

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܥܡܐ	ʿmʾ em'	people/nation	Matthew 4:16 Matthew 14:5 Matthew 15:8 Matthew 24:7 Matthew 24:7 Matthew 27:25 Mark 9:25 Mark 11:18 Mark 11:32 Mark 12:12 Mark 13:8 Mark 13:8 Mark 15:8 Luke 1:17 Luke 1:21 Luke 2:1 Luke 3:15 Luke 3:21 Luke 5:15 Luke 7:29 ... +75
ܥܡܡܐ	ʿmmʾ emm'	people, nation	Matthew 6:32 Matthew 12:21 Matthew 24:9 Matthew 24:14 Matthew 25:32 Matthew 28:19 Mark 11:17 Mark 13:10 Luke 12:30 Luke 21:24 Luke 24:47 John 12:20 Acts 2:5 Acts 4:25 Acts 4:27 Acts 7:45 Acts 10:35 Acts 10:45 Acts 11:1 Acts 13:46 ... +33
ܕܥܡܡܐ	dʿmmʾ demm'	of-people, nation	Matthew 4:15 Matthew 20:25 Mark 10:42 Luke 2:32 Luke 21:24 Luke 21:25 Luke 22:25 John 7:35 Acts 15:3 Acts 19:9 Romans 1:13 Romans 3:29 Romans 4:17 Romans 4:18 Romans 9:30 Romans 11:13 Romans 11:25 Romans 15:16 Romans 15:18 Romans 16:4 ... +5
ܠܥܡܡܐ	lʿmmʾ lemm'	to-people, nation	Matthew 12:18 Matthew 20:19 Mark 10:33 Luke 18:32 Acts 11:17 Acts 11:18 Acts 13:47 Acts 14:2 Acts 14:27 Acts 22:21 Acts 26:20 Romans 11:11 Romans 11:12 Romans 11:13 Romans 15:12 Galatians 2:14
ܒܥܡܡܐ	bʿmmʾ bemm'	in-people, nation	Acts 9:15 Acts 15:12 Acts 21:19 Romans 15:9 Romans 15:16 Galatians 1:16 Galatians 2:2 Galatians 2:9 Ephesians 3:8 Colossians 1:27 James 1:1
ܘܕܥܡܡܐ	wdʿmmʾ wdemm'	and.of-people, nation	Matthew 10:18 Romans 3:29
ܕܒܥܡܡܐ	dbʿmmʾ dbemm'	that.in-people, nation	Acts 21:21 Galatians 3:14
ܘܠܥܡܡܐ	wlʿmmʾ wlemm'	and.to-people, nation	Acts 26:23
ܘܥܡܡܐ	wʿmmʾ wemm'	and-people, nation	Romans 15:9
ܕܠܥܡܡܐ	dlʿmmʾ dlemm'	that.to-people, nation	Acts 28:28
ܥܡܡܝܢ	ʿmmyn emmyn	people, nation[pl]	Acts 13:19

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
עַם	'am	people
עַמִּים	'ammim	peoples/nations
עִם	'im	with
עִמֵּי	'imei	of my people
עַמִּי	'ami	my people

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
عَامّ	'amm	general/public
أُمَّة	umma	nation/community
أُمَّة	'ummah	nation, community
عُمُوم	'umūm	public, general
عَمَّ	'amma	paternal uncle