ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܕܝܢܐ | dynʾ dyn' |
judgment | Matthew 10:17 Matthew 12:20 Matthew 12:27 Matthew 23:13 Matthew 23:23 Matthew 23:33 Mark 12:40 Luke 11:19 Luke 11:42 Luke 12:14 Luke 12:58 Luke 18:2 Luke 18:6 Luke 20:47 John 3:19 John 5:22 John 5:27 John 7:24 John 12:48 John 16:8 ... +99 |
| ܡܕܝܢܬܐ | mdyntʾ mdynth' |
city | Matthew 5:14 Matthew 8:34 Matthew 10:11 Matthew 10:23 Matthew 11:20 Matthew 14:13 Matthew 21:10 Matthew 21:17 Mark 6:33 Mark 11:19 Luke 2:4 Luke 4:29 Luke 4:31 Luke 5:12 Luke 7:12 Luke 8:27 Luke 8:39 Luke 9:5 Luke 10:8 Luke 10:10 ... +97 |
| ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ | lmdyntʾ lmdynth' |
to the city | Matthew 8:33 Matthew 10:15 Matthew 21:18 Matthew 26:18 Matthew 27:53 Matthew 28:11 Mark 1:45 Mark 6:11 Mark 14:13 Mark 14:16 Luke 1:26 Luke 1:39 Luke 4:43 Luke 7:11 Luke 10:12 Luke 19:41 Luke 22:10 John 4:5 John 4:8 John 4:28 ... +19 |
| ܒܕܝܢܐ | bdynʾ bdyn' |
in-judge | Matthew 7:2 Matthew 12:41 Matthew 12:42 Luke 10:14 Luke 11:31 Luke 11:32 Luke 23:40 1 Corinthians 6:4 2 Thessalonians 1:9 Psalms 1:5 Psalms 7:7 Psalms 37:33 Psalms 72:2 Psalms 112:5 Psalms 143:2 Proverbs 16:8 Proverbs 18:6 Proverbs 24:23 Proverbs 26:17 Proverbs 29:4 ... +14 |
| ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ | dmdyntʾ dmdynth' |
of the city | Luke 7:12 Luke 14:21 Acts 9:24 Acts 13:50 Acts 14:4 Acts 16:13 Acts 16:20 Acts 17:5 Acts 17:6 Acts 17:8 Acts 17:16 Acts 19:35 Acts 25:23 Romans 16:23 Ezekiel 5:2 Ezekiel 9:1 Ezekiel 11:23 Ezekiel 21:24 Ezekiel 39:16 Ezekiel 40:2 ... +10 |
| ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ | bmdyntʾ bmdynth' |
in the city | Matthew 2:23 Matthew 9:35 Matthew 10:23 Mark 5:14 Luke 7:37 Luke 8:1 Luke 8:34 Luke 18:2 Luke 18:3 Luke 23:19 Acts 4:27 Acts 8:9 Acts 8:40 Acts 9:32 Acts 14:6 Acts 16:4 Acts 17:14 Acts 18:10 Acts 19:38 Acts 21:29 ... +7 |
| ܘܕܝܢܐ | wdynʾ wdyn' |
and-judge | Matthew 5:25 Matthew 12:18 Luke 12:58 Acts 7:27 Acts 7:35 Hebrews 4:12 James 4:12 Psalms 33:5 Psalms 55:10 Psalms 68:6 Psalms 81:5 Psalms 99:4 Psalms 101:1 Psalms 103:6 Psalms 105:5 Psalms 140:13 Proverbs 1:3 Proverbs 2:9 Proverbs 21:3 Ezekiel 16:38 ... +1 |
| ܕܕܝܢܐ | ddynʾ ddyn' |
of judgment | Matthew 10:15 Matthew 11:22 Matthew 11:24 Matthew 12:36 Mark 6:11 John 5:29 Romans 2:5 1 Corinthians 6:7 2 Thessalonians 1:5 James 3:1 1 John 4:17 Proverbs 2:8 Proverbs 8:20 Proverbs 17:1 Proverbs 17:23 Proverbs 20:8 Isaiah 4:4 Isaiah 28:6 Isaiah 33:24 Isaiah 40:14 |
| ܡܕܝܢ̈ܬܐ | mdyntʾ mdynth' |
[ptcp]judge[fem] | Proverbs 31:23 Isaiah 10:13 Isaiah 37:26 Ezekiel 5:5 Ezekiel 5:6 Ezekiel 19:8 Ezekiel 20:6 Ezekiel 20:15 Ezekiel 20:41 Ezekiel 22:4 Ezekiel 25:7 Ezekiel 25:9 Ezekiel 26:19 Ezekiel 29:12 Ezekiel 30:7 Ezekiel 36:10 Ezekiel 36:33 |
| ܡܕܝܢ | mdyn mdyn |
[ptcp]judge | Matthew 7:20 Matthew 12:12 Matthew 17:26 Matthew 19:6 Matthew 23:31 Luke 16:27 John 13:9 John 18:37 Romans 7:12 Romans 9:18 Romans 14:12 1 Corinthians 14:22 2 Corinthians 5:14 Galatians 2:17 Galatians 3:9 Hebrews 4:9 |
| ܐܕܢܐ | ʾdnʾ 'dn' |
ear | Matthew 11:15 Matthew 13:9 Matthew 13:43 Mark 4:9 Mark 4:23 Mark 7:16 Luke 8:8 Luke 14:35 Romans 6:16 Romans 10:17 Romans 10:17 1 Corinthians 12:16 Psalms 18:45 Proverbs 15:31 Proverbs 20:12 |
| ܠܕܝܢܐ | ldynʾ ldyn' |
to-judge | Matthew 5:21 Matthew 5:22 Matthew 5:25 Mark 3:29 Mark 13:9 Luke 20:20 Luke 24:20 Galatians 5:10 1 Peter 2:23 Psalms 9:8 Psalms 122:5 Isaiah 5:7 Isaiah 41:1 Isaiah 59:11 |
| ܐܕܢܟ | ʾdnk 'dnk |
judge | Psalms 10:17 Psalms 17:6 Psalms 31:3 Psalms 71:2 Psalms 86:1 Psalms 88:3 Psalms 102:3 Proverbs 2:2 Proverbs 4:20 Proverbs 5:1 Proverbs 22:17 Isaiah 37:17 |
| ܕܝܢܗ | dynh dynh |
judge-his | John 12:31 Acts 25:14 Acts 25:16 Acts 25:26 Romans 1:32 Romans 2:2 Romans 2:3 James 4:11 1 Peter 2:23 Proverbs 16:11 Proverbs 16:33 Proverbs 29:26 |
| ܕܝܢܝܢ | dynyn dynyn |
judge[pl] | Luke 12:57 John 7:24 John 8:15 Acts 11:2 Acts 26:8 Romans 3:4 1 Corinthians 4:5 1 Corinthians 11:31 Psalms 58:2 Psalms 82:2 |
| ܕܝܢܝ | dyny dyny |
judge-my | Luke 18:3 John 8:16 1 Corinthians 4:4 Psalms 17:2 Psalms 35:1 Psalms 43:1 Psalms 119:154 Isaiah 40:27 Isaiah 49:4 Isaiah 50:8 |
| ܕܝ̈ܢܐ | dynʾ dyn' |
judge | Psalms 2:10 Psalms 119:7 Psalms 148:11 Ezekiel 5:7 Ezekiel 5:8 Ezekiel 5:10 Ezekiel 5:15 Ezekiel 11:9 Ezekiel 28:26 Ezekiel 44:24 |
| ܕܝܘܢܐ | dywnʾ dywn' |
judge | Matthew 8:16 Matthew 8:28 Matthew 8:33 Matthew 12:22 Luke 2:24 Luke 3:22 Luke 8:36 Psalms 55:7 Psalms 68:14 Isaiah 40:31 |
| ܘܕܝܢ̈ܝ | wdyny wdyny |
and-judge-my | Ezekiel 5:7 Ezekiel 11:12 Ezekiel 18:9 Ezekiel 20:13 Ezekiel 20:19 Ezekiel 20:21 Ezekiel 36:27 |
| ܐ̈ܕܢܐ | ʾdnʾ 'dn' |
judge | Psalms 40:7 Psalms 94:9 Psalms 115:6 Psalms 135:17 Isaiah 42:20 Isaiah 50:4 Isaiah 50:5 |
| ܕܐܝܢܐ | dʾynʾ d'yn' |
judge | Mark 12:23 Luke 20:33 Luke 22:47 John 1:33 Acts 8:19 Titus 2:8 Proverbs 11:26 |
| ܐܕܢܗ | ʾdnh 'dnh |
judge | Matthew 26:51 Mark 14:47 Luke 22:50 John 18:10 John 18:26 Psalms 116:2 Isaiah 59:1 |
| ܒܡܕܝܢܬܗ | bmdynth bmdynthh |
in-[ptcp]judge-his | Matthew 13:57 Mark 6:4 Luke 2:3 Luke 2:11 Luke 4:24 John 4:44 Psalms 46:5 |
| ܒܐ̈ܕܢܝ | bʾdny b'dny |
judge | Isaiah 5:9 Isaiah 21:8 Isaiah 22:14 Isaiah 37:29 Ezekiel 8:18 Ezekiel 9:1 |
| ܕܝܢ̈ܐ | dynʾ dyn' |
judge | Psalms 119:13 Psalms 119:106 Psalms 119:160 Ezekiel 11:12 Ezekiel 16:41 Ezekiel 23:24 |
| ܕܝܢܟ | dynk dynk |
judge-your | Matthew 5:25 Matthew 5:25 Romans 12:19 Psalms 10:5 Psalms 72:1 Proverbs 25:9 |
| ܕܝܘܢܢ | dywnn dywnn |
judge | Matthew 12:39 Matthew 12:41 Matthew 16:4 Luke 11:29 Luke 11:32 |
| ܘܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ | wlmdyntʾ wlmdynth' |
and.to-[ptcp]judge[fem] | Matthew 10:5 Mark 1:38 Mark 6:56 Hebrews 12:22 Isaiah 38:6 |
| ܡܕܝܢܐ | mdynʾ mdyn' |
[ptcp]judge | Matthew 23:34 Acts 15:21 Acts 15:36 Acts 20:23 Titus 1:5 |
| ܒܡ̈ܕܝܢܬܐ | bmdyntʾ bmdynth' |
in-[ptcp]judge[fem] | Ezekiel 6:8 Ezekiel 22:15 Ezekiel 29:12 Ezekiel 30:23 Ezekiel 36:19 |
| ܕܝܢ̈ܝ | dyny dyny |
judge-my | Ezekiel 5:6 Ezekiel 11:20 Ezekiel 20:16 Ezekiel 20:24 Ezekiel 28:22 |
| ܕܝܢ̈ܘܗܝ | dynwhy dynwhy |
judge-her | Psalms 18:23 Psalms 18:44 Psalms 105:7 Psalms 106:3 |
| ܘܡܕܝܢܬܐ | wmdyntʾ wmdynth' |
and.from-judge[fem] | Mark 1:33 Isaiah 1:26 Ezekiel 7:23 Ezekiel 9:9 |
| ܠܡܕܝܢܬܗ | lmdynth lmdynthh |
so.that-judge-his | Matthew 9:1 Matthew 13:54 Mark 6:1 Luke 2:4 |
| ܡܕܝܢܬܗ | mdynth mdynthh |
[ptcp]judge-his | Luke 19:14 John 1:44 Hebrews 8:11 Psalms 101:8 |
| ܘܐܕܢܐ | wʾdnʾ w'dn' |
judge | Mark 8:18 Romans 11:8 1 Corinthians 2:9 Proverbs 18:15 |
| ܡ̈ܕܝܢܬܐ | mdyntʾ mdynth' |
[ptcp]judge[fem] | Isaiah 36:1 Ezekiel 34:13 Ezekiel 36:38 Ezekiel 39:27 |
| ܐ̈ܕܢܘܗܝ | ʾdnwhy 'dnwhy |
judge | Proverbs 21:13 Proverbs 28:9 Isaiah 11:3 Isaiah 33:15 |
| ܕܡܕܝܢ | dmdyn dmdyn |
that.from-judge | Acts 7:29 Isaiah 9:3 Isaiah 10:26 Isaiah 60:6 |
| ܕܢ | dn dn |
judge | Acts 12:19 Romans 14:22 1 Corinthians 7:37 |
| ܘܠܕܝܢܐ | wldynʾ wldyn' |
and.to-judge | John 5:24 Hebrews 6:2 1 Peter 2:14 |
| ܒܐ̈ܕܢܘܗܝ | bʾdnwhy b'dnwhy |
judge | Psalms 18:7 Proverbs 26:17 Isaiah 6:10 |
| ܕܝ̇ܢܐ | dynʾ dyn' |
judge | Isaiah 16:5 Isaiah 30:18 Isaiah 33:22 |
| ܘܕܝܢܝ | wdyny wdyny |
and-judge-my | John 5:30 Psalms 9:5 Isaiah 51:4 |
| ܘܒܕܝܢܐ | wbdynʾ wbdyn' |
and.in-judge | Psalms 89:15 Psalms 97:2 Proverbs 16:10 |
| ܠܕܝܢܗ | ldynh ldynh |
to-judge-his | John 9:39 Acts 25:21 Acts 25:25 |
| ܘܡܕܝܢܐ | wmdynʾ wmdyn' |
and.from-judge | Matthew 12:25 Luke 10:1 |
| ܘܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ | wbmdyntʾ wbmdynth' |
and.in-[ptcp]judge[fem] | Luke 9:6 Luke 13:22 |
| ܘܒܕܝܢ̈ܝ | wbdyny wbdyny |
and.in-judge-my | Ezekiel 37:24 Ezekiel 44:24 |
| ܕܕܝܢܝܢ | ddynyn ddynyn |
of-judge[pl] | Matthew 7:2 1 Corinthians 9:3 |
| ܐ̈ܕܢܝ | ʾdny 'dny |
judge | Psalms 49:5 Psalms 92:12 |
| ܕܝܢܗܘܢ | dynhwn dynhwn |
judge-their | Proverbs 22:23 Proverbs 23:11 |
| ܘܕܝ̈ܢܐ | wdynʾ wdyn' |
and-judge | Ezekiel 20:25 Ezekiel 23:10 |
| ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ | mdyntʾ mdynth' |
[ptcp]judge[fem] | Ezekiel 29:12 Ezekiel 36:24 |
| ܘܕܝܘܢܐ | wdywnʾ wdywn' |
judge | Matthew 4:24 Mark 1:32 |
| ܘܡܕܝܢ̈ܬܐ | wmdyntʾ wmdynth' |
and.from-judge[fem] | Ezekiel 12:20 Ezekiel 19:7 |
| ܘܕܝ̇ܢܐ | wdynʾ wdyn' |
and-judge | Isaiah 3:2 Isaiah 19:20 |
| ܒܕܝܢܗ | bdynh bdynh |
in-judge-his | 1 Timothy 3:6 Proverbs 18:17 |
| ܠܡܬܕܢܘ | lmtdnw lmthdnw |
judge | Acts 25:10 James 2:12 |
| ܘܐ̈ܕܢܐ | wʾdnʾ w'dn' |
judge | Isaiah 43:8 Ezekiel 12:2 |
| ܘܐ̈ܕܢܘܗܝ | wʾdnwhy w'dnwhy |
judge | Psalms 34:16 Isaiah 6:10 |
| ܘܕܝ̣ܢܐ | wdynʾ wdyn' |
and-judge | Isaiah 1:23 |
| ܘܕܝ̈ܢܝ | wdyny wdyny |
and-judge-my | Ezekiel 20:11 |
| ܢܕܝܢ | ndyn ndyn |
[impf]judge | Psalms 31:12 |
| ܕܢܘܗܝ | dnwhy dnwhy |
judge | Acts 13:27 |
| ܕܕܢ̇ܬ | ddnt ddnth |
judge | Ezekiel 20:36 |
| ܘܐܕܢܟ | wʾdnk w'dnk |
judge | Proverbs 23:12 |
| ܐܬܕܝܢ | ʾtdyn 'thdyn |
[pass]judge Ethpeel | 1 Corinthians 4:3 |
| ܕܝ̣ܢܐ | dynʾ dyn' |
judge | Isaiah 16:5 |
| ܕܕܝܢܗܘܢ | ddynhwn ddynhwn |
of-judge-their | Romans 3:8 |
| ܕܝ̈ܢܘܗܝ | dynwhy dynwhy |
judge-her | Psalms 19:10 |
| ܡܕܝܢܢ | mdynn mdynn |
[ptcp]judge-them | Luke 8:4 |
| ܐܕܢܘܗܝ | ʾdnwhy 'dnwhy |
judge | Mark 7:35 |
| ܠܐܕܢܗ | lʾdnh l'dnh |
judge | Luke 22:51 |
| ܕܝܢ̇ܝܢ | dynyn dynyn |
judge[pl] | Isaiah 1:23 |
| ܘܡܬܕܢܝܢ | wmtdnyn wmthdnyn |
judge | 2 Corinthians 11:20 |
| ܘܕ̈ܝܢܝ | wdyny wdyny |
and-judge-my | Ezekiel 18:17 |
| ܕܕܝܘܢܐ | ddywnʾ ddywn' |
judge | John 10:21 |
| ܒܐܕܢܘܗܝ | bʾdnwhy b'dnwhy |
judge | Mark 7:33 |
| ܘܡ̈ܕܝܢܬܐ | wmdyntʾ wmdynth' |
and.from-judge[fem] | Ezekiel 36:35 |
| ܒܐܕܢܐ | bʾdnʾ b'dn' |
judge | Luke 12:3 |
| ܘܕܝܢܗܝܢ | wdynhyn wdynhyn |
and-judge-their(f) | 1 Timothy 5:12 |
| ܕܡܕܝܢܬܗ | dmdynth dmdynthh |
that.from-judge-his | Matthew 5:35 |
| ܕܠܡܕܝܢ | dlmdyn dlmdyn |
that.to-[ptcp]judge | Psalms 83:10 |
| ܒܐܕܢܝ | bʾdny b'dny |
judge | Luke 1:44 |
| ܠܐܕܢܘܗܝ | lʾdnwhy l'dnwhy |
judge | James 5:4 |
| ܘܠܡܕܝܢ̈ܬܐ | wlmdyntʾ wlmdynth' |
and.to-[ptcp]judge[fem] | Ezekiel 36:4 |
| ܐܕܢܗܘܢ | ʾdnhwn 'dnhwn |
judge | 2 Timothy 4:4 |
| ܡ̈ܕܢܐ | mdnʾ mdn' |
judge | Isaiah 24:10 |
| ܕܘܝܢܢ | dwynn dwynn |
judge | 1 Corinthians 15:19 |
| ܕܕܝܢ̈ܝ | ddyny ddyny |
of-judge-my | Ezekiel 5:6 |
| ܘܕܝ̈ܢܘܗܝ | wdynwhy wdynwhy |
and-judge-her | Psalms 147:20 |
| ܐܕܢܝ | ʾdny 'dny |
judge | Proverbs 5:13 |
| ܘܐܕܢܘܗܝ | wʾdnwhy w'dnwhy |
judge | 1 Peter 3:12 |
| ܠܐܕܢܐ | lʾdnʾ l'dn' |
judge | Proverbs 25:12 |
| ܕܝܢܘܗܝ | dynwhy dynwhy |
judge-her | Romans 11:33 |
| ܒܡܕܝܢܐ | bmdynʾ bmdyn' |
in-[ptcp]judge | Titus 1:5 |
| ܠܕܝܢܝ | ldyny ldyny |
to-judge-my | Psalms 35:23 |
| ܠܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ | lmdyntʾ lmdynth' |
so.that-judge[fem] | Ezekiel 16:7 |
| ܘܕܝ̇ܢ̈ܐ | wdynʾ wdyn' |
and-judge | Isaiah 40:23 |
| ܕܡܬܕܢܐ | dmtdnʾ dmthdn' |
judge | Acts 10:7 |
| ܘܒܡܕܝܢ̈ܬܐ | wbmdyntʾ wbmdynth' |
and.in-[ptcp]judge[fem] | Ezekiel 32:9 |
| ܒܐ̈ܕܢܝܢ | bʾdnyn b'dnyn |
judge | Psalms 44:2 |
| ܡܕܝܢ̈ܬܗ | mdynth mdynthh |
[ptcp]judge-his | Ezekiel 25:9 |
| ܕܝܢ̈ܝܢ | dynyn dynyn |
judge[pl] | Ezekiel 14:21 |
| ܠܕܝ̇ܢܐ | ldynʾ ldyn' |
to-judge | Isaiah 34:8 |
| ܕܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ | dbmdyntʾ dbmdynth' |
that.in-[ptcp]judge[fem] | Ezekiel 7:15 |
| ܕܡܬܕܝܢܝܢ | dmtdynyn dmthdynyn |
that.from-[impf]judge[pl] | Psalms 109:7 |
| ܕܝ̇ܢ̈ܐ | dynʾ dyn' |
judge | Proverbs 8:16 |
| ܘܡܬܕܝܢ | wmtdyn wmthdyn |
and.from-[impf]judge | Acts 26:6 |
| ܠܡܕܝܢܬ | lmdynt lmdynth |
so.that-judge[perf] Peal | Matthew 4:5 |
| ܠܡܕܝܢܐ | lmdynʾ lmdyn' |
so.that-judge | Matthew 23:34 |
| ܘܕܝܢܟ | wdynk wdynk |
and-judge-your | Psalms 119:175 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| דַּיָּן | dayyan | judge |
| דָּן | dan | judged |
| בֵּית דִּין | beit din | court |
| דִּין | dīn | judgment, law |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| دِين | din | religion |
| دَيَّان | dayyan | judge |
| دَانَ | dana | to judge/owe |
| مَدِينَة | madina | city |
| دَيِّن | dayyun | judge |
| دِينَة | dīnah | city |
| دَايَن | dāyana | to owe, be indebted |