ARAMAIC NEW TESTAMENT
Every word is a root, and every root is a constellation.
Explore the Peshitta — the Syriac New Testament — through its triliteral Aramaic roots. Hebrew and Arabic cognates, interlinear reader, and a living map of how each root hardened into Greek.
3,329
Root patterns
165,527
Word forms
3,459
Cognates
589
Semantic bridges
Read the Peshitta — the 4th–5th century Syriac translation of the New Testament — with transliteration and modern translation side by side. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the settings menu settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.
Read Luke 1:28 →Peshitta Occurrences
| Form | Transliteration | Gloss | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ܒܝܫܬܐ | byštʾ byshth' |
evil(f) | Matthew 9:4 Matthew 12:35 Matthew 12:35 Matthew 12:39 Matthew 12:45 Matthew 15:19 Matthew 16:4 Mark 7:21 Mark 7:22 Mark 7:23 Luke 3:19 Luke 6:45 Luke 6:45 Luke 7:21 Luke 8:2 Luke 11:29 Luke 23:32 Luke 23:33 Luke 23:39 John 5:29 ... +129 |
| ܒܝܫܐ | byšʾ bysh' |
evil/the evil one | Matthew 5:11 Matthew 5:37 Matthew 5:39 Matthew 5:45 Matthew 6:13 Matthew 6:23 Matthew 7:17 Matthew 7:17 Matthew 7:18 Matthew 7:18 Matthew 8:28 Matthew 12:33 Matthew 12:33 Matthew 12:35 Matthew 12:45 Matthew 13:19 Matthew 13:49 Matthew 18:32 Matthew 20:15 Matthew 22:10 ... +57 |
| ܕܒܝܫ | dbyš dbysh |
of-evil, bad | Matthew 4:24 Matthew 14:35 Matthew 21:41 Matthew 27:23 Mark 2:17 Mark 3:4 Mark 9:39 Mark 15:14 Luke 5:31 Luke 6:9 Luke 23:22 John 5:14 Acts 16:28 Acts 18:14 Acts 23:9 Acts 28:21 1 Corinthians 13:5 2 Corinthians 5:10 2 Corinthians 13:7 2 Thessalonians 3:6 ... +5 |
| ܒܝܫ̈ܬܐ | byštʾ byshth' |
evil, bad[fem] | Psalms 17:4 Psalms 40:13 Psalms 88:4 Psalms 90:15 Proverbs 2:12 Proverbs 12:4 Proverbs 12:21 Proverbs 14:22 Proverbs 14:22 Proverbs 15:14 Proverbs 15:26 Proverbs 15:28 Proverbs 25:23 Isaiah 1:16 Isaiah 1:16 Isaiah 35:9 Ezekiel 18:13 Ezekiel 20:43 Ezekiel 20:44 Ezekiel 36:31 ... +1 |
| ܒܝܫ̈ܐ | byšʾ bysh' |
evil, bad | Psalms 19:14 Psalms 26:4 Psalms 27:2 Psalms 34:17 Psalms 49:6 Psalms 72:4 Psalms 72:13 Psalms 74:21 Psalms 78:50 Psalms 94:13 Psalms 94:16 Psalms 107:34 Proverbs 4:26 Proverbs 14:19 Proverbs 24:1 Isaiah 3:9 Ezekiel 11:2 |
| ܒܝܫ | byš bysh |
evil/bad | Matthew 4:24 Matthew 14:35 Matthew 21:41 Mark 2:17 Luke 5:31 Romans 14:20 2 Thessalonians 3:6 2 Thessalonians 3:7 2 Thessalonians 3:7 2 Thessalonians 3:11 2 Timothy 4:18 Proverbs 9:12 Proverbs 14:15 Proverbs 14:31 Proverbs 14:31 |
| ܠܒܝܫܐ | lbyšʾ lbysh' |
to-evil, bad | Romans 13:3 1 Corinthians 5:13 1 John 2:13 1 John 2:14 Psalms 10:12 Psalms 35:10 Psalms 72:12 Psalms 113:7 Proverbs 9:7 Proverbs 9:8 Proverbs 22:10 Isaiah 5:20 |
| ܕܒܝܫܐ | dbyšʾ dbysh' |
of-evil, bad | Matthew 7:11 Matthew 12:34 Matthew 13:38 Luke 11:13 Ephesians 6:16 Psalms 64:3 Psalms 109:31 Proverbs 12:20 Proverbs 21:11 Proverbs 25:19 Proverbs 28:22 |
| ܕܒܝܫܢ | dbyšn dbyshn |
of-evil, bad-them | Luke 11:26 Psalms 22:13 Psalms 68:16 Psalms 68:16 Psalms 135:11 Psalms 136:20 Isaiah 2:13 Ezekiel 27:6 Ezekiel 39:18 |
| ܒܒܝܫܬܐ | bbyštʾ bbyshth' |
in-evil, bad[fem] | James 1:13 Psalms 10:6 Psalms 52:3 Proverbs 13:17 Proverbs 17:20 Proverbs 18:8 Proverbs 24:16 Proverbs 28:14 Ezekiel 6:9 |
| ܠܒܝܫܬܐ | lbyštʾ lbyshth' |
to-evil, bad[fem] | Romans 12:9 Romans 12:21 Romans 16:19 1 Corinthians 14:20 Proverbs 1:16 Proverbs 6:18 Proverbs 12:23 Proverbs 21:12 Isaiah 59:7 |
| ܠܒܝܫ | lbyš lbysh |
to-evil, bad | Matthew 11:8 Matthew 22:11 Mark 1:6 Mark 5:15 Luke 7:25 Luke 8:35 Acts 10:30 Hebrews 5:2 Hebrews 5:7 |
| ܘܕܒܫܐ | wdbšʾ wdbsh' |
evil, bad | Matthew 3:4 Mark 1:6 Isaiah 7:15 Ezekiel 16:13 Ezekiel 16:19 Ezekiel 20:6 Ezekiel 20:15 Ezekiel 27:17 |
| ܕܒܝܫ̈ܐ | dbyšʾ dbysh' |
of-evil, bad | Psalms 12:6 Psalms 22:17 Psalms 26:5 Psalms 140:13 Proverbs 4:14 Proverbs 11:7 Isaiah 31:2 Ezekiel 16:49 |
| ܘܒܝܫܐ | wbyšʾ wbysh' |
and-evil, bad | Matthew 13:48 1 John 5:18 Psalms 25:16 Psalms 40:18 Psalms 70:6 Psalms 86:1 Psalms 109:22 Proverbs 28:20 |
| ܕܒܫܐ | dbšʾ dbsh' |
evil, bad | Psalms 19:11 Psalms 81:17 Psalms 119:103 Proverbs 24:13 Proverbs 25:16 Proverbs 25:27 Ezekiel 3:3 |
| ܕܠܒܝܫ | dlbyš dlbysh |
that.to-evil, bad | James 2:3 Ezekiel 9:3 Ezekiel 9:11 Ezekiel 10:2 Ezekiel 10:6 Ezekiel 10:7 |
| ܘܒܝܫܬܐ | wbyštʾ wbyshth' |
and-evil, bad[fem] | Luke 11:39 Hebrews 5:14 Psalms 28:3 Psalms 71:20 Psalms 101:4 Ezekiel 6:11 |
| ܕܒܝܫܬܐ | dbyštʾ dbyshth' |
of-evil, bad[fem] | Romans 7:21 Psalms 41:2 Psalms 55:16 Psalms 107:39 Proverbs 24:2 |
| ܒܝܫܘܬܐ | byšwtʾ byshwth' |
evil, bad[abst] | Mark 7:22 Ephesians 4:31 Colossians 3:8 1 Peter 2:1 Proverbs 8:13 |
| ܒܝܫܬܗ | byšth byshthh |
evil, bad-his | Matthew 6:34 Luke 16:25 Proverbs 22:16 Proverbs 26:26 |
| ܘܠܒܫܘ | wlbšw wlbshw |
evil, bad | Ephesians 6:11 Ephesians 6:14 Colossians 3:10 Psalms 109:18 |
| ܠܒܫܗ | lbšh lbshh |
evil, bad | Matthew 24:18 Mark 10:50 Mark 13:16 |
| ܠܒܝܫ̈ܐ | lbyšʾ lbysh' |
to-evil, bad | Psalms 10:8 Psalms 68:11 Psalms 112:9 |
| ܒܝܫܝܢ | byšyn byshyn |
evil, bad[pl] | John 7:7 Isaiah 32:7 Isaiah 56:11 |
| ܘܠܒܝܫ̈ܐ | wlbyšʾ wlbysh' |
and.to-evil, bad | Psalms 10:18 Psalms 37:14 Psalms 82:3 |
| ܠܒܝܫܝܢ | lbyšyn lbyshyn |
to-evil, bad[pl] | Matthew 11:8 Hebrews 11:37 Hebrews 13:3 |
| ܠܒܝ̇ܫܐ | lbyšʾ lbysh' |
to-evil, bad | Proverbs 22:22 Isaiah 25:4 |
| ܘܠܒܫ | wlbš wlbsh |
evil, bad | Luke 16:19 Isaiah 59:17 |
| ܒܝܫ̈ܢ | byšn byshn |
evil, bad-them | Proverbs 5:14 Proverbs 26:25 |
| ܕܒܝ̈ܫܐ | dbyšʾ dbysh' |
of-evil, bad | Psalms 37:9 Ezekiel 30:12 |
| ܒܝܫ̈ܝܢ | byšyn byshyn |
evil, bad[pl] | Proverbs 15:15 Ezekiel 14:21 |
| ܕܠܒܫܢ | dlbšn dlbshn |
evil, bad | 1 Corinthians 15:49 2 Corinthians 5:3 |
| ܠܒܫܘ | lbšw lbshw |
evil, bad | Ephesians 6:13 Colossians 3:12 |
| ܕܒܝܫܘܬܐ | dbyšwtʾ dbyshwth' |
of-evil, bad[abst] | 1 Corinthians 5:8 James 1:21 |
| ܒܝܫܢ | byšn byshn |
evil, bad-them | Matthew 12:45 Isaiah 33:9 |
| ܒܝ̈ܫܬܐ | byštʾ byshth' |
evil, bad[fem] | Psalms 52:5 Ezekiel 33:11 |
| ܘܠܒܝܫܐ | wlbyšʾ wlbysh' |
and.to-evil, bad | Psalms 35:10 Psalms 109:16 |
| ܒܝ̈ܫܐ | byšʾ bysh' |
evil, bad | Proverbs 28:5 Ezekiel 5:16 |
| ܘܒܝܫ̈ܬܐ | wbyštʾ wbyshth' |
and-evil, bad[fem] | Ezekiel 8:9 Ezekiel 9:4 |
| ܒ̇ܝܫ̈ܐ | byšʾ bysh' |
evil, bad | Isaiah 14:32 Isaiah 29:19 |
| ܘܠܒܫܝ | wlbšy wlbshy |
evil, bad | Isaiah 51:9 Isaiah 52:1 |
| ܕܒ̇ܝܫ̈ܐ | dbyšʾ dbysh' |
of-evil, bad | Isaiah 10:2 |
| ܒܝܫܘ | byšw byshw |
evil, bad[3pl] Peal | Hebrews 7:26 |
| ܘܠܒܝ̇ܫ̈ܐ | wlbyšʾ wlbysh' |
and.to-evil, bad | Proverbs 31:9 |
| ܘܒܒܝ̈ܫܐ | wbbyšʾ wbbysh' |
and.in-evil, bad | Proverbs 15:3 |
| ܠܒܫܬ | lbšt lbshth |
evil, bad | Psalms 35:13 |
| ܠܒܫܬܘܢ | lbštwn lbshthwn |
evil, bad | Galatians 3:27 |
| ܘܕܒܝ̇ܫܐ | wdbyšʾ wdbysh' |
and.of-evil, bad | Psalms 10:15 |
| ܒ̇ܝܫ̈ܘܗܝ | byšwhy byshwhy |
evil, bad-her | Isaiah 49:13 |
| ܕܒܝܫܝܢ | dbyšyn dbyshyn |
of-evil, bad[pl] | 1 John 3:12 |
| ܕܒܝܫ̈ܬܐ | dbyštʾ dbyshth' |
of-evil, bad[fem] | Proverbs 18:3 |
| ܘܠܒܝ̈ܫܐ | wlbyšʾ wlbysh' |
and.to-evil, bad | Psalms 82:4 |
| ܘܠܒܝ̇ܫܐ | wlbyšʾ wlbysh' |
and.to-evil, bad | Ezekiel 18:12 |
| ܘܒܒܝܫ̈ܐ | wbbyšʾ wbbysh' |
and.in-evil, bad | Psalms 92:12 |
| ܒܒܝܫ̈ܐ | bbyšʾ bbysh' |
in-evil, bad | Proverbs 20:30 |
| ܘܒ̇ܝ̈ܫܐ | wbyšʾ wbysh' |
and-evil, bad | Isaiah 14:30 |
| ܠܒܝܫ̈ܝ | lbyšy lbyshy |
to-evil, bad-my | Ezekiel 23:12 |
| ܘܒܝܫ | wbyš wbysh |
and-evil, bad | 1 Timothy 5:8 |
| ܕܒܝ̇ܫ̈ܐ | dbyšʾ dbysh' |
of-evil, bad | Isaiah 26:6 |
| ܠܒܝܫ̈ܝܢ | lbyšyn lbyshyn |
to-evil, bad[pl] | Proverbs 31:21 |
| ܘܒܫܬܝܢ | wbštyn wbshthyn |
evil, bad | Mark 4:20 |
| ܘܒܒܝܫܘܬܐ | wbbyšwtʾ wbbyshwth' |
and.in-evil, bad[abst] | Titus 3:3 |
| ܘܠܒ̇ܝܫ̈ܐ | wlbyšʾ wlbysh' |
and.to-evil, bad | Ezekiel 22:29 |
| ܘܠܒܝܫܝܢ | wlbyšyn wlbyshyn |
and.to-evil, bad[pl] | 1 Thessalonians 5:8 |
| ܘܒ̇ܝܫ̈ܐ | wbyšʾ wbysh' |
and-evil, bad | Isaiah 41:17 |
| ܘܒܝܫܘܬܐ | wbyšwtʾ wbyshwth' |
and-evil, bad[abst] | Romans 1:29 |
| ܘܒܝ̇ܫ̈ܐ | wbyšʾ wbysh' |
and-evil, bad | Proverbs 30:14 |
| ܕܒ̇ܝܫܐ | dbyšʾ dbysh' |
of-evil, bad | Isaiah 32:7 |
| ܘܒܝܫܝܢ | wbyšyn wbyshyn |
and-evil, bad[pl] | Isaiah 9:16 |
| ܒܒܝܫܐ | bbyšʾ bbysh' |
in-evil, bad | 1 John 5:19 |
| ܕܠܒܝܫ̈ܝܢ | dlbyšyn dlbyshyn |
that.to-evil, bad[pl] | Ezekiel 38:4 |
| ܒܒ̈ܝܫܐ | bbyšʾ bbysh' |
in-evil, bad | Proverbs 24:19 |
| ܕܠܒܝܫܝܢ | dlbyšyn dlbyshyn |
that.to-evil, bad[pl] | Ezekiel 23:6 |
| ܕܠܒܫ | dlbš dlbsh |
evil, bad | 1 Corinthians 15:54 |
| ܘܠܒܝܫ | wlbyš wlbysh |
and.to-evil, bad | Ezekiel 9:2 |
| ܠܒܝ̇ܫ̈ܐ | lbyšʾ lbysh' |
to-evil, bad | Proverbs 31:20 |
| ܠܒ̇ܫܝܢ | lbšyn lbshyn |
evil, bad | Ezekiel 34:3 |
| ܒܝܫ̈ܬܗ | byšth byshthh |
evil, bad-his | Psalms 34:20 |
| ܕܠܒܝܫ̈ܐ | dlbyšʾ dlbysh' |
that.to-evil, bad | Proverbs 24:20 |
| ܘܕܒܝܫܐ | wdbyšʾ wdbysh' |
and.of-evil, bad | Proverbs 21:5 |
| ܒܒܝܫܘܬܗ | bbyšwth bbyshwthh |
in-evil, bad[abst]-his | Proverbs 14:32 |
| ܠܒܝܫ̈ܬܐ | lbyštʾ lbyshth' |
to-evil, bad[fem] | Psalms 97:10 |
| ܘܠܒ̇ܫܝܢ | wlbšyn wlbshyn |
evil, bad | Ezekiel 42:14 |
Hebrew Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| בִּישׁ | bish | bad (Aramaic) |
| בּוֹשׁ | bosh | to be ashamed |
| בּוּשָׁה | bushah | shame |
| ביֵּשׁ | beyesh | to worsen, to aggravate |
| מְבֻיָּשׁ | mevuyash | ashamed, embarrassed |
Arabic Cognates
| Word | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| بَئِسَ | ba'isa | to be wretched |
| بُؤْس | bu's | misery |
| بَائِس | ba'is | wretched |
| بُؤْسَى | bu'saa' | wretchedness, misfortune |
| بَائِس | baa'is | wretched, unfortunate |
| تَبَوَّسَ | tabawwasa | to be afflicted, to lament |