Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

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be ashamed

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܐܒܗܬܢ	ʾbhtn 'bhthn	[impf]be ashamed-them Aphel	Acts 7:8 Acts 7:9 Acts 7:38 Acts 7:39 Acts 7:45 Acts 13:32 Acts 15:10
ܒܗܬ	bht bhth	be ashamed Peal	Luke 16:3 Romans 1:16 2 Corinthians 10:8 2 Timothy 1:12 2 Timothy 1:16 Hebrews 2:11
ܠܐܒܗܬܢ	lʾbhtn l'bhthn	to-[impf]be ashamed-them Aphel	Acts 3:25 Acts 7:11 Acts 7:12 Acts 7:19 Acts 13:17 Acts 26:6
ܕܐܒܗܬܢ	dʾbhtn d'bhthn	of-[impf]be ashamed-them Aphel	Acts 3:13 Acts 5:30 Acts 7:44 Acts 22:3 Acts 22:14
ܒܗܬܬܐ	bhttʾ bhthth'	be ashamed[fem]	Romans 1:27 1 Corinthians 14:35 2 Timothy 2:15 Hebrews 12:2
ܘܐܒܗܬܢ	wʾbhtn w'bhthn	and-[impf]be ashamed-them Aphel	Acts 7:2 Acts 7:15
ܒܗܬܝܢ	bhtyn bhthyn	be ashamed[pl]	Luke 13:17 Romans 6:21
ܐܒܗܬܗܘܢ	ʾbhthwn 'bhthhwn	[impf]be ashamed-their Aphel	Luke 6:23 Luke 6:26
ܘܡܒܗܬܝܢ	wmbhtyn wmbhthyn	and.from-be ashamed[pl]	1 Corinthians 11:22
ܐܒܗܬܟܘܢ	ʾbhtkwn 'bhthkwn	[impf]be ashamed-your(pl) Aphel	Acts 28:25
ܕܐܒܗܬܟܘܢ	dʾbhtkwn d'bhthkwn	of-[impf]be ashamed-your(pl) Aphel	1 Corinthians 4:14
ܒܗܬܬ	bhtt bhthth	be ashamed[perf] Peal	2 Corinthians 7:14
ܐܒܗܬܝ	ʾbhty 'bhthy	[impf]be ashamed-my Aphel	2 Timothy 1:3

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
בּוֹשׁ	bosh	to be ashamed
בּוּשָׁה	busha	shame
בּוּשׁ	būsh	to be ashamed
בַּיִשׁ	ba'yish	shameful
בֹּשֶׁת	bóshet	shame

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
بَهَتَ	bahata	to slander; to be astonished
بَهَّتَ	bahatta	to shame
بَهِتَ	bahita	to be astounded
بُهْتَان	buhtān	slander