Peshitta Constellations

Explore the New Testament from its Aramaic roots

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Read the New Testament in its original Aramaic with transliteration and translation. Click any underlined word to discover its triliteral root. Use the ⚙️ settings to choose your preferred translation language and script.

Read Luke 1:28 →

Every triliteral root connects Aramaic to its sister languages. Search a root and explore its Hebrew and Arabic cognates, then visualize the full Semitic family as an interactive graph. The Root Card shows the semantic field, a key verse, and sister roots — roots sharing 2 of 3 consonants (e.g., SH-L-M ↔ SH-L-KH).

Explore ܫܘܚ R-W-KH → | Visualize R-W-KH →

Select a verse and watch how all its roots form a constellation of interconnected meanings. From the reader, click the scatter_plot icon next to the verse number.

scatter_plot The Annunciation — Luke 1:28 →

Semitic languages don't define: they radiate. Every word grows from a triliteral root that opens a force field. Discover the method of Semitic exegesis behind this application.

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ܫܟܒ SH-KH-P — lie down, sleep

Semantic field: reclining, horizontal rest, prostration

What gets lost in translation: In Aramaic, ܫܟܒ (shkhab) is fundamentally a postural, bodily act: the body laying itself horizontal upon the ground, the bed, or the tomb. The root covers everything from simply reclining to rest, to … Explore this root →

שָׁכַב shakhavשִׁכְבָה shikh'vahשָׁכֵב shakhev شَكَبَ shakabaشَاكِب shāki'bشَكْب shak'b

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perish, destroy

Peshitta Occurrences

Form	Transliteration	Gloss	References
ܢܐܒܕ	nʾbd n'bd	[impf]perish, destroy	Luke 13:33 Luke 15:4 John 3:15 John 3:16 John 6:12 John 11:50
ܕܐܒܕܝܢ	dʾbdyn d'bdyn	of-perish, destroy[pl]	Mark 4:38 2 Corinthians 2:15 2 Corinthians 4:3
ܐܒܕܢ	ʾbdn 'bdn	perish, destroy-them	Matthew 9:17 Mark 2:22 Luke 5:37
ܕܢܐܒܕ	dnʾbd dn'bd	of-[impf]perish, destroy	Matthew 5:29 Matthew 5:30 Matthew 18:14
ܐܒܕ	ʾbd 'bd	perish, destroy Peal	Luke 15:17 John 17:12 James 1:11
ܐܒܕܐ	ʾbdʾ 'bd'	perish, destroy	Acts 27:22 Acts 27:34
ܬܐܒܕ	tʾbd th'bd	[impf]perish, destroy	Luke 21:18 Acts 3:23
ܐܒܕܘ	ʾbdw 'bdw	perish, destroy[3pl] Peal	1 Corinthians 15:18
ܐܒܕܝܢ	ʾbdyn 'bdyn	perish, destroy[pl]	Matthew 8:25
ܘܐܒܕ	wʾbd w'bd	and-perish, destroy	1 Corinthians 8:11
ܕܐܒܕ	dʾbd d'bd	of-perish, destroy	Luke 15:4
ܕܐܒܕܐ	dʾbdʾ d'bd'	of-perish, destroy	John 6:27
ܕܐܒܕܘ	dʾbdw d'bdw	of-perish, destroy[3pl] Peal	Matthew 10:6
ܐܒܕܬ	ʾbdt 'bdth	perish, destroy[perf] Peal	Hebrews 11:31
ܘܐܒܕܘ	wʾbdw w'bdw	and-perish, destroy[3pl] Peal	1 Corinthians 10:10

Hebrew Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
אָבַד	avad	to perish, to be lost
אֲבֵדָה	avedah	lost object
אֲבַדּוֹן	avadon	destruction, Abaddon
אֹבֵד	oved	lost, having perished
אַבָּדוֹן	avaddon	destruction, ruin
מַאֲבָד	ma'abad	cause of destruction or loss

Arabic Cognates

Word	Transliteration	Meaning
أَبَدَ	abada	eternity (semantic cognate)
عَبَد	ʿabad	to worship, to serve
عَابِد	ʿābid	worshipper, devotee
عَبُود	ʿabūd	subjected, enslaved